Enzymes

• How does enzyme shape affect its function?

  Have a specific active site which is complementary (fits the shape) of its substrate (molecule it matches)
• Examples of metabolic reactions catalysed by enzymes?

  Build larger molecules from smaller molecules (e.g. starch from glucose). Change one molecule to another (e.g. glucose to fructose). Break down larger molecules to smaller molecules (e.g. carbohydrates to glucose)
• What is lock and key hypothesis for glucose function?

  Shape of enzyme active site and substrate are complementary so bind together to form enzyme-substrate complex

  
• How does temperature affect enzyme action?

  Increases activity (increased kinetic energy of molecules), till a point when enzyme is denatured and active site shape is destroyed. Optimum temperature is 37 degrees Celcius (body temp)
• How does pH affect enzyme activity?

  If pH is too high or too low active site may be altered and enzyme not work. For most enzymes optimum is pH 7.
• Where is enzyme maltase produced?

  Small intestine
• Where is enzyme amylase produced?


  Salivary glands and pancreas.
• Amylase and maltase are carbohydrases. What type of molecule do they break down?


  Carbohydrates
• What type of molecule does the protease pepsin break down?


  Proteins
• Where is the protease enzyme pepsin produced?


  Stomach
• What do lipases do?


  Break down lipids (fats)
• Where are lipases produced?

  Pancreas and small intestine.
• What is the role of enzyme protease in the digestive system?

  Break down proteins into amino acids
• What is the role of lipase in the digestive system?


  Break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol