The Alimentary Canal

• label this diagram on the alimentary canal

  A) mouth

  B) salivary glands

  C) oesophogus

  D) liver

  E) stomach

  F) gall bladder

  G) bile duct

  H) pancreas

  I) large intestine

  J) small intestine

  K) appendix

  L) rectum

  M) anus

  
• role of the mouth and salivary glands ?

  • teeth break down food
  • amylase enzymes in saliva digest starch into maltose
  • mechanical digestion takes place
• role of the oesophagus ?

  • tube connecting mouth and stomach
  • where food bolus is pushed down
• role of the stomach ?

  • produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
  • pummels food with muscular walls
  • produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria ang give optimum pH for protease enzyme to work
• role of small intestine ?

  • produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes for digestion
  • nutrients are absorbed out of alimentary canal into body
• what are the two parts of the small intestine ?

  • duodenum
  • ileum
• role of the large intestine ?

  • absorption of excess water from food
• role of pancreas ?

  • produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
  • releases enzymes into small intestine
• role of liver ?

  • production of bile
• role of gall bladder ?

  • where bile is stored
• role of rectum ?

  • last part of large intestine
  • where faeces stored
• what are the 5 different stages the body goes through by food taken in ?

  • ingestion
  • mechanical digestion
  • chemical digestion
  • absorption
  • assimilation
  • egestion
• where in the body are the villi ?

  small intestines
• what are the 3 adaptations of the small intestines ?

  • very long
  • highly folded surface
  • many villi
• what does adaptions of the small intestines help ?

  increase the surface area for a faster rate of absorption
• describe the structure of the villi ?

  • tiny, finger-like projections
  • large surface area
  • short diffusion distance
  • steep concentration gradient
• what is produced on the walls of the villi ?

  enzymes
• what do the network of capilliaries do in the villi ?

  transport glucose and amino acids
• what is the role of lacteal in the villi ?

  transport of fatty acids and glycerol