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GCSE Physics AQA-Triple
Unit 8: Space Physics
Lifecycle of Stars
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Cards (24)
What is the life cycle of a star?
Formation from a
nebula
Protostar
stage
Nuclear fusion
begins
Star reaches
equilibrium
Energy release from fusion
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What are the forces acting within a star and their effects?
Gravity
: Acts inwards, causing collapse
Fusion energy
: Acts outwards, causing expansion
Equilibrium
: Balance between these forces
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What do scientists call a cloud of dust and gas where stars begin their life?
Nebula
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What causes a cloud of dust and gas to collapse into a star?
Gravity
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What happens to the temperature as particles in a collapsing nebula move faster?
The temperature rises to
millions
of degrees
Celsius
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What is the early stage of a star called?
Protostar
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What process occurs when hydrogen nuclei join together to form helium nuclei?
Nuclear fusion
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What type of star is formed when nuclear fusion occurs?
Main
sequence
star
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What does nuclear fusion release that is significant for stars?
A huge amount of
energy
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What happens when the hydrogen in a star begins to run out?
The star
collapses
inwards
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What occurs as a result of the star collapsing inwards?
The
temperature
increases
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What do helium nuclei fuse together to create?
Heavier elements
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What does a star become after it expands into a red giant?
A
white dwarf
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What happens to a white dwarf over time?
It gradually
cools
down
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What is the final stage of a white dwarf's lifecycle?
Black dwarf
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What happens to stars much bigger than the Sun after they run out of hydrogen?
They expand into
red supergiants
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What do helium nuclei fuse together to produce in red supergiants?
Heavier elements
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What is the maximum element that nuclear fusion can produce?
Iron
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What is the name of the explosion that occurs when a red supergiant stops nuclear fusion?
Supernova
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What is produced during a supernova that is significant for the universe?
Elements heavier than iron
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What happens to the elements produced in a supernova?
They are distributed throughout the
universe
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What can the remains of a star form after a supernova?
Neutron star
or
black hole
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What is a neutron star composed of?
Densely packed
neutrons
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What is a black hole characterized by?
Large
gravity
that
light
cannot escape
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