Keywords

• Biocapacity is the amount of resources available to support human life.
• Biological diversity is the variety of life on Earth, including the number of species and the distribution of those species.
• Biofuel power is the method of energy production that uses biomass as a fuel.
• Carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted by a person or organisation over a period of time
• Cartel: an association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition
• Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support.
• The circular economy is a model of economic development that aims to regenerate natural resources and reduce waste
• Club of Rome - 1972 - predicted that the world would run out of resources and that the world would be unable to sustain its population
• Core countries are associated with being the economic centre of the Earth also called MEDCs or HICs
• Crude Oil is unrefined oil straight from the ground
• Ecological Footprint the hypothetical area of land (and water) required by a society, a group or an individual to fulfill all their resources needs and assimilate all their waste; measured in global hectares (gha).
• Embedded water is the way in which water is transferred from one country to another through exports
• Emile Durkheim is the French sociologist who built Thomas Malthus's theory and believed that an increase in population density would lead to a greater division of labor and allow for an increased level of productivity.
• Energy from waste is a method of energy production that taps into landfills to capture methane and other combustible gases to burn
• Energy security is access to clean, reliable and affordable energy sources for cooking, heating, lighting, communications and productive uses; a countries ability to obtain all of its energy needs
• Esther Boserup she claimed that Knowledge and Technology will always increase the food supply because when a crisis arises someone will find a solution.
• E-waste is the waste that is generated from electronic devices and equipment.
• Food security is the ability of a country to provide enough food for its population.
• Fossil Fuels - Coal, oil and natural gas, oil shale
• Geopolitics are political relations among nations relating to borders/territories/resources.
• Geosequestration is absorbing CO2 out of the air, compressing it into liquid form and injecting the liquid back into the ground.
• Hydroelectric power is a reliable and renewable form of energy generation created by turbines that are orated from the water pressure resulting from dams
• Incineration is the burning of rubbish
• IPCC is the Internal Panel on Climate Change, set up at the request of UN members and is dedicated to providing the world with a scientific view of climate change.
• The Kyoto Protocol called on countries to reduce emissions based on a common but differentiated responsibility based on historic pollution, countries signed the document with a pledge to reduce emissions by a certain amount.
• The Limits to growth model is a graph produced by the Club of Rome that examines the long term trends of population, agriculture, natural resources, industry and pollution
• Living Planet Index is the most widely used measure of biodiversity. It is a measure of the amount of land area that is covered by forests, grasslands, wetlands, and other ecosystems.
• Malthusian Catastrophe - The idea that population growth will eventually outstrip the resources available to support it
• A Neo-Malthusian is a person that believes resources must be used sustainably to avoid a malthusian catastrophe and that technology may help but cannot save us.
• Nuclear power is a reliable and abundant source of energy created by heating up water with radioactive material, with a super harmful waste product.
• OPEC is an organization of 13 countries that control the production of oil and gas
• Optimum Population is the population size that will produce the highest per capita economic return
• Peak oil is the point at which the maximum rate of extraction of oil from a given reservoir is reached
• Periphery countries are countries that are not part of the core countries of the world, also known as LEDCs or LICs
• Renewable resources are resources that can be replenished as they are used.
• Semi-periphery countries are countries that are not fully integrated into the core of the global economy
• The Sustainable Development goals are a set of 17 goals that are aimed at improving the lives of people around the world
• Thomas Malthus believed the planet has a finite population size that will be determine by food supply
• Tidal power is the most common renewable energy source. It is the energy produced by the tides.
• Tragedy of the commons explains the lack of control over how basic Human Resources are used.