All about Philo

• Etimology word of philosophy: "love of wisdom"
• philo- love, sophia- wisdom
• wisdom- karunungan, knowledge- kaalaman
• Kaalaman-ay alam mo pero hindi mo ginagawa. Halimbawa, alam mo na ang pagpatay, pangangaliwa at iba pa ay mali, pero ginagawa mo pa rin, hindi mo talaga alam yung kasi ginagawa mo pa rin.
• Karunungan-ay alam mo, naiintindihan mo at ginagawa mo. Tulad sa kaninang halimbawa, ang pagpatay, pangangaliwa at iba pa ay hindi mo ginagawa.
• Wang Yang-Ming (Wang Yangming): '"To know and not to act is not to know"
• 3 kinds of souls according to Aristotle: Vegetative soul, Sensitive/emotional, Rational soul
• Vegetative Soul- soul of a plant, yung lumalaki lang, nag grogrow lang siya.
• Emotional/Sensitive- is the soul of an animal, diba ang mga hayop, malakas ang pakiramdam nila. Yung mga disaster ay nararamdaman nila beforehand, kaya nakikita natin diba na ang mga hayop, parang nag papanik sila, sabay sabay na lumilipad ang mga ibon, dahil nararamdaman nila na may paparating na unos.
• Rational Soul- the soul of a man. Ito naman ang soul ng tao, natin, kasi sa lahat ng yan, vegetative at sensitive ay walang kakayahang mag isip o umunawa pero ang tao ay may kakayanang mag isip at umunawa.
• Love of wisdom- Ang namimilosopiya at ang namimilosopo ay ang mga taong nagmamahal sa karunungan. Nagsimula ang pamimilosopiya noong nag tanong ang tao tungkol sa kung anuanong bagay sa buhay nila, at hindi matatapos ang philosophy ahangat may taong nabubuhay at nagtatanong. Dahil ang philosophy ay walang hanggang pagtatanong until makuha mo ang malalim na katotohanan.
• Father of Philosophy- Pythagoras
• Main goal of philosophy- Truth
• Philosophy- is the science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest principles of all things.
• Science- it is an organized body of knowledge just like any other sciences.
• Natural light of reason- philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason.
• Study of all things- philosopher studies human beings, society, religion, language, God, plants, among other concerns.
• First causes or highest principle- a principle is that from which something proceeds in any manner.
• The four first principles- St. Thomas Aquinas
• Principle of Identity- Whatever is is and whatever is not is not. Everything is what it is; everything has its own being and not being is not being.
• Principle of Non-Contradiction-it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect.
• Principle of Excluded Middle- a thing is either is or is not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not being, there is no middle ground possible.
• Middle ground - dilemma ( choose 2 goods and 2 bads )
• Principle of Sufficient Reason- nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.
• The branches of philosophy: Metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, logic, aesthetics
• Metaphysics- it is a branch of Philosophy that studies the ultimate nature of existence, reality and experience without being bound to any one Theological Doctrine or Dogma.
• Epistemology- it is the study of knowledge. It also explains (1) how we know what we claim to know, (2) how we can find out what we wish to know, (3) how we can differentiate truth from falsehood.
• Ethics- it is a branch of Philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates moral actions.
• Determinants of moral action-(Object, intention, circumstance)
• Logic- it is the study of correct reasoning.
• Aesthetics- it is the study of beauty. 
• The Aristotle distinguished three kinds of happiness: pleasure (life as the body), politics (and life according to the rhetoric of honor) and meditation (life according to reason).
• Aristotle establishes a hierarchy between these three forms of life: the pursuit of pleasure is a form of “bestial life,” bringing a man to his primitive state, pre-civilization.
• telos- end
• Bertrand Russell- 2 types of data; soft data and hard data
• Soft data- are such things as beliefs that can be neither verified nor denied with any degree of certainty. Example (chismis is history)
• Hard data- are the facts of the situation facts that can withstand the scrutiny of reflection and remain intact. (martial law) 70k detained, 30k tortured, 3k died, and many are missing.
• Transcendental Properties- are characteristics present in every being insofar as it is. These are not accidents but identical with the subject itself. Hereby given is the ‘convertibility of being.’ 
• Transcendental One - Being in its indivision or being in its undividedness. (Unum) 
• Transcendental Truth - Being is true insofar as it is intelligible. (Verum)