Genotype + Phenotype

• Genes determine the characteristics of an organism, such as eye color or height.
• Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual's characteristics of the alleles present.
• A human's genotype is determined at fertilisation.
• Phenotype is an organism's observable characteristics.
• An organism's phenotype is determined by the genotype/allele and environment.
• Blood type trait is determined by genotype and phenotype
• Humans consist of 3 different alleles for blood type, IA, IB and i.
• A persons skin colour is a phenotype, which is determined by the genotype
• Melanin is responsible for determining a persons skin colour.
• Inheritance is the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next.
• A gene is a section of DNA whose base sequence codes for a specific protein.
• An allele is a particular variant of a gene.
• Different alleles of a gene are always found at the same locus.
• A chromosome is a long, coiled DNA molecule wrapped around proteins that carry genetic information.
• DNA is wrapped around proteins to condense it
• Genome refers to the complete set of genetic material.
• All humans have exactly the same genome, but we have different alleles of genes.
• Homologous chromosomes refer to the matching chromosomes found in body cells –one from the mother and their father.
• Chromosomes existing in matching pairs are called homologous chromosomes
• Heterozygous - two things different - hetero = different
• Homozygous - Two things are the same - Homo = same
• bb = homozygous - BB = homozygous
• Bb = heterozygous
• same alleles = homozygous
• Different alleles = heterozygous