P1 bioenergetics

• why is glucose the main respiratory substance?

  its oxidised - releases energy
• in anaerobic respiration what is releases?

  small amounts of energy
• in anaerobic respiration what is produce?

  lactic acid
• is anaerobic respiration with or without oxygen?

  without
• is anaerobic respiration complete or incomplete?

  Incomplete
• what is stomata?

  tiny holes in the skin of the leaf, they control gas exchange
• what is a xylem?

  narrow tubes, responsible for the transport of minerals and water
• what happens in vigorous exercise?

  lactic acid builds up - oxygen dept

  glycogen in the muscles becomes slow
• what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
• what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  C6H1206 + 6O2--> 6CO2 + 6H20
• what is the green pigment in photosynthesis and where is it found?

  chlorophyll, found in the chloroplast (plant cell)
• what are the variables for the photosynthesis requires practice?

  independent: light intensity

  dependent: the number of bubbles

  control: the size of pondweed, volume and temp of water
• photosynthesis symbol equation.

  6CO2 + 6H20 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• photosynthesis word equation.

  carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
• is aerobic respiration with or without oxygen?

  With oxygen
• is aerobic respiration complete or incomplete?

  complete
• what type of reaction is phtotsynthesis?

  endothermic
• what happens to breathing rate during exercise?

  increases to bring more oxygen into the body and remove the oxygen dioxide produced.
• where in the cell does respiration happen?

  cytoplasm and mitochondria
• what happens to heart rate during exercise?

  increases to supply the muscles with extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide produces.
• what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

  light intensity

  temperature

  chlorophyll concentration

  carbon dioxide concentration
• what happens during photosynthesis?

  plants take in CO2 from air and water from soil to produce glucose and carbon dioxide
• what is respiration?

  exchanging of oxygen and carbon dioxide, happens in the cells
• what is metabolism?

  Metabolism is the process by which the body converts food and drink into energy.
• what type of reaction is respiration?

  exothermic
• what are the main reasons for respiration?

  metabolism

  muscle contraction

  maintaining body temp

  transporting mineral ions
• what happens to breathing rate during exercise?

  increases and lungs breathe more deeply which increases at which oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide is exhaled
• what happens to glycogen during exercise?

  glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver is converted back to glucose, used by muscle for respiration.
• what happens to heart rate during exercise?

  increases and arteries dilate which increases flow of blood to muscles increasing sully of oxygen and glucose to respiratory muscles by and removal of carbon dioxide pumping back to the lungs
• how can lung capacity be increased?

  through regular exercise and training so fitter people have a low breathing rate.
• when is anaerobic respiration used?

  Low oxygen levels - emergencies
• what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

  glucose --> lactic acid
• what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

  fermentation
• what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy
• what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  aerobic respiration reactants are glucose and oxygen, where as anaerobic respiration reactant is glucose.

  aerobic products are carbon dioxide and water, anaerobic product is lactic acid.

  aerobic respiration requires more energy, than anaerobic.

  aerobic is used in everyday muscle movement, and anaerobic is used in vigorous exercise.
• what happens in muscle fatigue?

  muscles contract less effectively.

  build up of lactic acid in muscle cells.

  build up creates oxygen dept.
• what is meant by oxygen dept?

  the amount of oxygen required
• what is the equation for oxygen dept?

  lactic acid + oxygen + carbon dioxide + water
• what happens to your heart rate and breathing rate to get oxygen to muscles?

  remains high
• what is the role of liver in anaerobic respiration?

  breaking down lactic acid

  enzymes in liver convert lactic acid to glucose, this can then be used for aerobic respiration so producing carbon dioxide and water or stored as glycogen.