Cell Death

• What is responsible for the eat me signal?

  Scramblase
• Apoptotic cells and cell fragments are recognized and engulfed by phagocytic cells
• One of the signals recognized by phagocytes in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is phosphatidylserine
• T or F: phosphatidylserine is the same as scramblase

  False
• Caspases are protease with cysteine in their active sites and cleaves aspartic acids (peptide bonds)
• apoptosis and caspases

  A) nuclear lamins

  B) inhibitor of DNase (ICAD)

  C) Cytoskeletal proteins

  D) Golgi matrix proteins

  E) Scramblase

  
• Ced9

  A) Bcl2

  B) Bcl2

  C) Ced3

  D) Ced4

  
• Bcl2 = beta cell lymphoma
• 2 types of proteins from Bcl2 family

  • Anti-apoptotic regulatory protein (Bcl2, Mcl1)
  • Pro-apoptotic proteins
  • Pro-apoptotic regulatory protein (Bad, Bid, Bim)
  • Pro-apoptotic effector protein (Bax and Bak)
• Pro-apoptotic regulatory proteins

  • Bad
  • Bid
  • Bim
  • PUMA
  • Noxa
• Pro-apoptotic effector proteins

  • Bax
  • Bak
• Anti-apoptotic regulatory proteins

  • Bcl2
  • Mcl1
• T or F: Pro-apoptotic regulatory protein can directly or indirectly effect

  True
• The Bcl2 Family

  A) Bax

  B) Bak

  C) Cyt C

  D) Apaf1

  E) Casp 9

  F) Procaspase 3

  G) Caspase 3

  H) Caspase 3

  
• PUMA = p53 unregulated modulator of apoptosis
• Noxa = "latin" damage
• T or F: p53 can only induce cell death

  False
• T or F: p53 can induce both cell arrest and cell death

  True
• Cause of apoptosis: Intrinsic

  • DNA damage
  • Lack of growth factor
• Cause of apoptosis: extrinsic

  • TNF
• TNF = Tumor necrosis factor
• TNF receptor - trimer
• Akt proteins affects

  • Bad
  • FOXO
  • MTORC1
  • p53
• FOXO = forkhead box O