The Endocrine System

• The function of the pituitary gland is to release hormones from other glands because it’s the master gland. E.g. ACTH- stimulates adrenal glands to release adrenaline 
• The Adrenal Gland is made up of the Adrenal Medulla which releases adrenaline to speed up bodily functions e.g. heartrate, and noradrenaline which constricts blood vessels. The adrenal cortex releases cortisol to respond to stressful situations. 
• The testes facilitate the release of testosterone. This causes the development of male characteristics. It also plays a role in sex drive, high levels of aggression, and health and wellbeing. 
• Ovaries facilitate the release of oestrogen needed for menstruation. Also associated with heightened sensitivity to social cues. 
• The Pineal Gland produces melatonin and melatonin regulates the sleep wake cycle. Levels rise so we feel more sleepy but they drop at dawn. Also associated with SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder). 
• The endocrine system is made up of glands. It’s one of the body’s major information systems and so it is an additional communication system to the nervous system  

  It works slower than the NS, but the effects are powerful and widespread 
• The function/roles of the endocrine system 

  • It instructs glands to manufacture and secrete chemicals (hormones) directly into the bloodstream 
  • It regulates the activity of cells and organs in the body 
  • Hormones are carried to the target organs in the body 
  • It provides a chemical system of communication via the bloodstream 
• Each gland in the endocrine system produces different hormones that regulate activity in the organs differently