group 1 cgp AQA

• What are Group 1 elements commonly known as?

  Alkali metals
• Why are Group 1 elements considered reactive?

  They have one electron in their outer shell
• Name three alkali metals.

  Lithium, sodium, potassium
• What are the trends in reactivity and physical properties of alkali metals down Group 1?

  • Increasing reactivity
  • Lower melting and boiling points
  • Higher relative atomic mass
• What physical properties do alkali metals share?

  They are soft and have low density
• Why do alkali metals readily form 1+ ions?

  They easily lose their one outer electron
• What type of compounds do alkali metals form with non-metals?

  Ionic compounds
• What happens when Group 1 metals react with water?

  They produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
• How does the reactivity of alkali metals change down the group?

  Reactivity increases as you go down
• What is produced when sodium reacts with chlorine gas?

  Sodium chloride
• What type of reaction occurs between Group 1 metals and chlorine?

  Vigorous reaction forming metal chloride salts
• What do alkali metals form when they react with oxygen?

  Metal oxides
• What type of oxide does lithium form when reacting with oxygen?

  Lithium oxide (Li₂O)
• What is the difference in reactivity between Group 1 metals and transition metals?

  Group 1 metals are much more reactive
• How do the densities of Group 1 metals compare to transition metals?

  Group 1 metals are much less dense
• What is a safety precaution when handling alkali metals?

  They may fizz in water and explode
• Write a word equation for the reaction between lithium and water.

  Lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
• What happens to the distance from the nucleus as you go down the group of alkali metals?

  It increases
• What trend is observed in melting and boiling points of alkali metals?

  They lower down the group
• What is the trend in relative atomic mass for alkali metals?

  It increases down the group
• How do alkali metals form ionic compounds with non-metals?

  • They lose one outer electron easily
  • Form 1+ ions
  • Require little energy to achieve a full outer shell
• Why do alkali metals only react to form ionic compounds?

  They easily lose their outer electron
• What is the appearance of ionic compounds formed by alkali metals?

  Generally white solids
• What happens when Group 1 metals react with water?

  They produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
• How does the reactivity of alkali metals with water change down the group?

  It becomes more violent
• What is produced when Group 1 metals react with water?

  Alkaline solutions
• What happens to the energy released during the reaction with water as you go down the group?

  It increases
• What occurs when Group 1 metals react with chlorine gas?

  They form white metal chloride salts
• How does the reactivity of alkali metals with chlorine change down the group?

  It increases
• What do Group 1 metals form when they react with oxygen?

  Metal oxides
• What type of oxide does lithium form when reacting with oxygen?

  Lithium oxide
• What happens to Group 1 metals when they tarnish in the air?

  They form a dull metal oxide layer
• What does sodium react to form when it reacts with oxygen?

  A mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide
• What does potassium react to form when it reacts with oxygen?

  A mixture of potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide
• How do the properties of Group 1 metals differ from transition metals?

  • Group 1 metals are more reactive
  • Form ionic compounds easily
  • Have lower melting and boiling points
  • Transition metals have higher melting points and are less reactive