Energy can be transferred between objects by doing work on them or heating them up, but cannot be created or destroyed.
change in gravitational potential energy = weight * change in height
the unit of gpe is J or Kj
to measure the thickness of a piece of aluminum foil, use a micrometer screw gauge
wind energy, wave energy, tidal energy, biofuels, solar cells, biofuel all depend on the sun
energy from nuclear fusion occurs when two nuclei are fused together to form one heavier nucleus
nuclear fusion releases more energy than nuclear fission because it produces less mass
in nuclear fusion, the mass lost is converted into energy according to E=mc^2
geothermal and nucler dont derive energy from the sun
tides are renewable because they are always there and they are continuous
the equation of kinetic energy is E = 1/2 x m x v^2
The gas molecules have mass and great speed, especially if the temperature is increased. They move in directions, exerting force on the walls of a container, and move continuously and frequently. Force is exerted by particles due to the rate of change of momentum. momentum changes when particles hit walls. Pressure is a force of molecules per unit area
when pressure increases, volume decreases
when temperature increases within a constant volume, there is a greater change of momentum, the particles collide with the walls of the container with greater force, so they move faster with more kinetic energy
Pv= constantÂ
p1v1= p2v2
p1v1/p2= v2
specific heat capacity = energy required / mass * temperature increase
specific heat capacity= energy required per unit mass perunit temperature increase
energy can be divided into energy stores and energy transfers. Transfers; electrical, thermal, radiation,mechanical. BUT STORES; kinetic, gpe, chemical, elastic strain energy, nuclear energy, internal energy, electrostatic energy
A SOLID HAS FIXED shape and volume, liquid has fixed volume but will take shape of container, gas expands to fill container no fixed shape or volume
the first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed only transferred from one form to another.
Thermal conductivity is how well an object conducts heat through it. The higher the value, the better the conductor of heat.
Thermal conductivity - how well something conducts heat
muscles store chemical energy
if you lift an object upwards you give it gravitational potential energy
kinetic energy is the energy store of a moving object
gpe is the energy store of an object raised up against the force of gravity
energy= quantity that must be changed or transferred to make smth happen
the higher an object above the ground the higher its gpe. when u let the object fall you get energy back
uranium is a nuclear fuel
a fuel is a store of chemical energy because when the fuel is burned the stored energy is released
all radioactive materials are stores of nuclear energy
in radioactive materials, energy is stored in the nucleus of the atom.
nuclear power stations are designed to release nuclear energy stored in uranium
when you stretch a rubber band, it becomes a store of strain energy
when you heat an object so it gets hotter you are giving energy to its atons
the energy stored in a hot object is internal energy. Internal energy ; the energy of an object. The total kinetic and potential energies of its particles
thermal energy; energy transferred from a hotter place to a colder place because of the temperature differnce between them
solids cant flow and theyre not compressible
centre of gravity is the point in an object where distribution of weight is equal in all directions
the internal energy of an object will be higher if;
particles are moving faster ((higher kinetic energy)
or if the particles are further apart (( bigger potential energy))