FACTORS MODIFYING BASIC HEART RATE

• Factors modifying heart rate:

  1. Neural (ANS) controls - sympathetic nervous system speeds heart rate, parasympathetic nervous system slow and steady heart rate
  2. Hormones and ions - epinephrine and thyroxine speed heart rate, excess or lack of Ca, Na, and K ions also modify heart activity
  3. Physical factors - age, gender, exercise, body temperature