(gas, liquid and solid)

• Density is a measure of how much mass is present in each unit volume of a substance
• Equation for density is p = m/v
• Pressure is the force that acts upon a given surface area
• Equation for pressure is p=f/a
• Unit for pressure is pa (pascals)
• The larger the surface area, the less pressure
• Pressure is greater at greater depth
• Pressure acts equally in all directions at given depth
• Brownian motion is direct evidence of the Kinetic theory
• Kinetic theory is that all particles in matter are in a state of constant motion
• For a gas at a constant temperature, pressure x volume is also constant
• P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
• Temperature is constant so particles have average kinetic energy and move at same speed
• The higher the temperature, the faster gas particles move
• Gas pressure is greater at a container with less space
• Gay Lussac' law is that the volume of gas is held constant, the pressure is directly proportiional to its temperature
• Pressure is directly proportional to temperature (Kelvin)
• As temperature decreases, particles move slower. Ultimately, they reach a point where KE is zero, this is called Absolute Zero. Particles can no longer move.
• Absolute zero is 0 kelvin / -273 celsius
• Temperature in kelvin is equal to average kinetic energy of particles. The hotter the temperature, the faster particles move. Therefore pressure increases
• P1 / T1 = P2/ T2
• Gay Lussac's law must have

  1. fixed mass of gas
  2. constant volume
  3. temperature in kelvin
• pressure is the concentration of a force or the force per unit area
• the smaller the surface area, the larger the pressure. This is because a small surface area is more concentrated
• formula for pressure is p=f/a
• formula for pressure in liquid is p=hxgxp(density)
• brownian motion provides evidence that the air is made of a small particles. They move randomly because they bounce off of smaller particles and off of walls of a container.
• when particles bounce, a small force is applied which causes pressure
• pressure and volume are inversely proportional to eachother. When the volume decreases, pressure increases. Double the pressure, halve the volume.