2nd Long Exam Reviewer

• Autosomal Chromosomes are Chromosomal pairs that carry hundreds of thousands of genes that code for the assembly of proteins
• Plesiomorphy is a derived phylogenetic tree, this refers to the ancestral character state
• Allopatric is the type of speciation simply pertains to speciation in ‘other homelands’
• Coprolite are trace fossils that give scientists a perspective of what comprises an animal’s diet 
• Phloem is the vascular tissue that is responsible for transporting sugars and proteins through the plant
• Sudoriferous are glands are responsible for the production and release of sweat and scent
• Mycorrhizae is an association between vascular plant roots and their symbiotic fungi
• Gnathosthomes make up the jawed groups of fishes that include the Chondrichthyes and the Osteichthyes 
• Cetacea is an order of aquatic mammals that include dolphins, tortoises, and whales
• Trait refers to the characters that are expressed by different alleles
• Pseudomurein is a major component of archaean cell walls 
• Equisetum is the single genus of horsetails 
• Coelom is an internal body cavity that is formed by triploblasts from the mesoderm 
• Madreporite is the structure that regulates the amount of water in the water vascular system of echinoderms 
• Monoecious is a term that refers to an individual that can produce both male and female gametes
• Pleiotropy is a phenomenon that refers to a single locus affecting two or more unrelated phenotypic traits 
• Biofilm is an assemblage of syntrophic microorganisms either attached to a surface or formed as suspended community aggregates 
• Pellicle is a structure that refers to a glassy silica-based shell that functions like a flexible coat of armor in protists
• Evolution is a phenomenon described as descent with modification
• Carrier refers to a heterozygous individual that does not display an autosomal recessive disorder due to the compensation of its unaffected gene
• Sporophylls are leaves that are modified structurally in order to bear sporangia are called
• Notochord is an embryonic structure is typically replaced by the vertebral column in the postnatal stages of vertebrates 
• Diplontic is the type of life cycle that demonstrates a dominant diploid stage while the haploid stage is briefly seen during sexual reproduction
• Radial is a type of symmetry that produces multiple planes of symmetry when cut along a longitudinal axis
• Bryophytes may be viewed as the plants most closely related to the ancestor that moved to land 
• Yersinia is the genus which includes the causative agent of the bubonic plague that led to one of the most devastating pandemics in the world
• Scyphozoa is the class under phylum Cnidaria that houses the true jellyfish 
• Homeotic are master regulator genes guide the development and formation of specific body structures
• Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder also known as monosomy due to having just one copy of the X chromosome
• Central Nervous System is the African sleeping sickness in humans, heavily affects this organ system. 
• 1. Reginald Punnett is the British geneticist that created the Punnett Square
• Methicillin-resistant is under public health topics and antibiotic resistance, what does MRSA stand for?
• Paraphyletic is a group that includes some, but not all of the descendants of a common ancestor
• Swim bladder is a gas-filled organ possessed by bony fishes that helps control of buoyancy of the fish
• Archaeplastida is the Eukaryotic supergroup that includes the red algae, chlorophytes, and charophytes.