biology diffusion and osmosis

• What is diffusion?

  Movement from crowded to less crowded areas
• What happens to perfume molecules after being sprayed in a room?

  They spread from high concentration to lower concentration
• What does the concentration gradient refer to?

  Difference in the number of sweets
• What happens when there are more sweets on one side of the table?

  They zoom across quickly to share
• How does the concentration gradient (CG) affect the diffusion rate?

  • A greater CG means faster diffusion rate
• What is the definition of concentration gradient (CG)?

  • A physical state in which the concentration of a solute or particle differs between two points in space (such as two opposing sides of a membrane)
  • Example: Na+ concentrations inside and outside cells
• What is the name of the membrane shown in the image?

  Semi-permeable membrane
• What is diffusion compared to in the study material?

  Movement of sweets
• How does the diffusion rate change with varying concentration gradients as shown in the image?

  • Higher gradient (10 particles → 4 particles) = faster diffusion
  • Lower gradient = slower diffusion
• What is the concentration gradient?

  The difference in particle concentration
• What is the relationship between concentration gradient and diffusion rate?

  • Higher concentration gradient leads to faster diffusion
  • Lower concentration gradient results in slower diffusion
• Why does water move from left to right in the image?

  There is more water on the left side
• What are the key features of a semi-permeable membrane?

  • Allows selective passage of certain molecules
  • Regulates the movement of substances in and out of a cell
  • Maintains concentration gradients and osmotic balance
• Does osmosis require energy?

  No, it does not require energy
• What are the key factors that affect diffusion rate according to the image?

  • Concentration gradient (CG): A greater CG means faster diffusion rate
• How does the direction of water flow differ between the two chambers in the image?

  Water flows from the chamber with lower solute concentration to the chamber with higher solute concentration
• How does osmosis work?

  • Water moves from a region of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to a region of low water concentration (high solute concentration)
  • This movement is driven by the difference in water potential across the semi-permeable membrane
  • The goal is to equalize the water potential on both sides of the membrane
• How does osmosis differ from diffusion?

  Osmosis specifically involves water molecules
• What does osmosis involve in terms of water concentration?

  Water moves from high to low concentration
• In the provided image, which direction does water move?

  From left to right through the membrane
• Describe the process of osmosis in detail.

  • Osmosis is the movement of water molecules.
  • It occurs across a semi-permeable membrane.
  • Water moves from higher to lower concentration.
  • This process balances water concentrations.
  • It results in equal water potential on both sides.
• Describe the process of osmosis using an analogy.

  • Water is like droplets playing follow-the-leader
  • They move through a special gate (semi-permeable membrane)
  • Water moves from crowded side to less crowded side
  • Goal: equal distribution of water droplets
• What role does the semi-permeable membrane play in osmosis?

  It allows only water to pass through
• How does the movement of water differ in each type of solution?

  • Hypertonic solution: Water moves out of the cell by osmosis
  • Isotonic solution: No net movement of water
  • Hypotonic solution: Water moves into the cell by osmosis
• What is the name of the solution shown in the rightmost image?

  Hypotonic solution
• What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

  The cell stays the same in an isotonic solution
• What is the result of water molecules moving through the membrane?

  Equal water potential on both sides
• What is the name of the solution shown in the leftmost image?

  Hypertonic solution
• What is the definition of osmosis?

  Movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane
• What are the three types of solutions based on water concentration?

  Hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic
• What happens to the volume of the cell in each type of solution?

  • Hypertonic solution: Cell volume decreases
  • Isotonic solution: Cell volume remains constant
  • Hypotonic solution: Cell volume increases
• What happens when water concentration is higher on one side of the membrane?

  Water molecules flow to balance concentrations
• What factors affect the rate of osmosis?

  • Concentration gradient of solutes across the membrane
  • Permeability of the membrane to water
  • Temperature (higher temperature increases kinetic energy and rate of osmosis)
• What is the relationship between the concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell in each type of solution?

  • Hypertonic solution: Higher solute concentration outside the cell
  • Isotonic solution: Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell
  • Hypotonic solution: Lower solute concentration outside the cell
• What is the final outcome of the osmosis process illustrated in the image?

  Equalization of water levels
• What is the relationship between water concentration and cell behavior in different solutions?

  • Hypotonic: Higher water concentration, cell swells
  • Isotonic: Equal water concentration, cell stays the same
  • Hypertonic: Lower water concentration, cell shrinks
• What is the name of the solution shown in the middle image?

  Isotonic solution
• How does osmosis affect a cell in a hypertonic solution?

  Water moves out, causing the cell to shrink
• What is the water concentration in a hypotonic solution compared to the cell?

  Higher in solution than in the cell
• What is the behavior of a cell in an isotonic solution?

  The cell stays the same