Managing the impacts of tectonic hazards

• Tectonic hazards cannot be prevented, but modern technology can help reduce the threat from earthquakes and volcanoes
• A seismometer is an instrument that detects earths movements
• networks of seismometers and lasers monitor earth movements in areas at risk of earthquakes

  • they can give a small but vital amount of warning before a large earthquake occurs
• early warning systems means warnings can be communicates quickly to people using the internet, SMS networks, and sirens. usually the warning is a few seconds/minutes, but its useful because

  • people can get under cover
  • people doing delicate or dangerous jobs can stop (eg surgeons)
  • utilities get shut off (prevent leaks)
  • trains slow down
• volcanoes can be monitored using sensors meaning eruptions can be predicted

  • gives people time to evacuate, reducing injuries and deaths
• volcanoes are monitored during eruptions, which helps authorities respond appropriately:

  • evacuation zones can be extended if needed
  • flights are cancelled if ash clouds are too large
  • if poisonous gases are spread, authorities can warn people to put on gas masks
• Modern building technologies can design buildings that dont collapse in earthquakes or when covered in volcanic ash

  • reduces deaths
  • Reduces cost of repairs
• Buildings can be designed to withstand earthquakes by using materials like concrete or special foundations which absorb an earthquakes energy

  • existing buildings can be strengthened as well
  • Pipelines can be designed to flex and not break during earthquakes, reducing flooding