Acid and base reactions

• What is the definition of an acid?

  A substance that dissolves in water to release hydrogen ions. They have a pH < 7
• What is the definition of a base?

  A substance that neutralises an acid to produce a salt and water. They have a pH > 7
• What is the definition of an alkali?

  A soluble base that dissolves in water to release hydroxide / OH- ions. They have a pH > 7 and can neutralise acids.
• True or false: All bases are alkalis?

  False – only the soluble bases are alkalis, if they produce hydroxide ions. However all alkalise are bases!
• Define neutralization

  A reaction where a base reacts with an acid to produce a salt + water
• True or false: Acids have a pH between 1 and 6?

  False! They have a pH less than 7 (pH < 7). This includes decimal values between 6 and 7!
• What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

  HCl (aq)
• What is the formula for nitric acid?

  HNO3 (aq)
• What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

  H2SO4 (aq)
• What is the formula for phosphoric acid?

  H3PO4 (aq)
• What is the formula for carbonic acid?

  H2CO3 (aq)
• What is the formula for the molecular sulfate ion? Include the charge

  SO42-
• what is the formula for the molecular nitrate ion? Include the charge

  NO3-
• What is the formula for the molecular carbonate ion? Include the charge.

  CO32-