Enzymes involved: DNA helicase and DNA polymerase

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Created by
Rafia Raja

Cards (75)

  • What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication?
    DNA polymerase
  • What are the key steps in the DNA replication process?
    1. Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix
    2. RNA primer provides a starting point for DNA polymerase
    3. DNA polymerase synthesizes the new complementary DNA strands
    4. Okazaki fragments are formed on the lagging strand
    5. DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
  • How does the function of the leading strand differ from the lagging strand during DNA replication?
    The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments
  • What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
    • DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to an existing nucleic acid strand
    • It cannot add nucleotides without an existing nucleic acid and therefore needs a primer
    • DNA polymerase will only synthesize DNA from 5' to 3'
  • What happens to the DNA strands at the replication fork?
    They are separated for copying.
  • How does the structure of DNA allow it to be replicated accurately?
    • The two strands of DNA are complementary, allowing each strand to serve as a template for a new strand
    • DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides that are complementary to the template strand
    • The double helix structure is stable, allowing the DNA to be faithfully replicated
  • How does helicase function in DNA replication?
    It unwinds DNA by separating the strands
  • What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?
    It unwinds the DNA double helix.
  • What are the two strands created during DNA replication?
    A leading strand and a lagging strand
  • Why does DNA polymerase need a primer to start DNA synthesis?
    Because it cannot add nucleotides without an existing nucleic acid strand
  • What is DNA replication?
    DNA makes an identical copy of itself
  • What are the four DNA nucleotides?
    • Adenine
    • Thymine
    • Cytosine
    • Guanine
  • What is the relationship between helicase and DNA polymerase during replication?
    Helicase separates strands ahead of DNA polymerase
  • If the original (template) DNA strand has the sequence 'ATCG', what would the sequence of the new complementary strand be?
    TAGC
  • What is the role of helicase at the replication fork?
    It breaks hydrogen bonds in DNA
  • What is the 3' OH group on the DNA molecule?
    The key for DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA
  • What does DNA polymerase use as a guide for selecting nucleotides?
    The template strand
  • What is the name of the process shown in the image?
    DNA replication
  • What is the 3' OH group on the DNA molecule?
    The key for DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA
  • What does the image illustrate about DNA polymerase's function?
    It shows how nucleotides are added
  • What is DNA polymerase?
    An enzyme that adds nucleotides
  • What is the role of the enzyme Ligase in DNA replication?
    It joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
  • To which end can DNA polymerase add nucleotides?
    To the 3' end of an existing strand
  • What is required for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis?
    A primer
  • What is the mechanism of DNA polymerase in nucleotide addition?
    • Adds nucleotides by joining phosphate to 3' OH
    • Uses template strand for complementary selection
    • Links nucleotides via sugar-phosphate bonds
    • Synthesizes DNA in 5' to 3' direction
  • What are the base pairing rules followed by DNA polymerase?
    • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
    • Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
  • What does DNA polymerase add to the growing chain?
    Nucleotides
  • What are the key steps in the DNA replication process?
    1. The template strand unwinds and separates
    2. DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the new strand
    3. The new strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
    4. The process continues until the entire DNA molecule is replicated
  • If the template strand has the sequence 5'-ATCG-3', what will the new strand synthesized by DNA polymerase look like?

    5'-TAGC-3'
  • How does DNA polymerase join nucleotides?
    By linking the phosphate group to the 3' OH group
  • In which direction does DNA polymerase extend the new strand?
    From the 5' to 3' direction
  • How do the leading and lagging strands differ in DNA replication?
    • Leading strand: Synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction
    • Lagging strand: Synthesized discontinuously as Okazaki fragments, which are then joined by Ligase
  • What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
    • DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to an existing nucleic acid strand
    • It cannot add nucleotides without an existing nucleic acid and therefore needs a primer
    • DNA polymerase will only synthesize DNA from 5' to 3'
  • Which nucleotides pair together in DNA synthesis?
    A with T, C with G
  • What type of bonds does DNA polymerase create to form the DNA backbone?
    Sugar-phosphate bonds
  • What happens to DNA strands when helicase operates?
    They are separated for copying
  • What is the replication fork in DNA replication?
    Where the double-stranded DNA splits
  • What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
    It copies the strands by adding nucleotides
  • What are the key steps in the DNA replication process?
    1. The template strand unwinds and separates
    2. DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the new strand
    3. The new strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
    4. The process continues until the entire DNA molecule is replicated
  • What is the name of the enzyme that lays down RNA primers to initiate DNA replication?
    Primase