Genetics 2

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swiftieforever

Cards (78)

  • somatic- body cell
  • diploid- somatic (2 sets of homologous chromosomes)
  • haploid- gametes (1 set of genes)
  • gamete- sex cell (egg/sperm)
  • n= amount of chromosomes
  • haploid: n=2
  • haploid- single amount set of genes
  • diploid: 2n=4
  • XX- female
  • XY- male
  • 23rd pair: sex chromosomes (XX or XY)
  • 1-22 autosomal (body chromosomes)
  • dominant - the trait with the stronger probability
  • recessive- the trait with less probability
  • HOMOLOGOUS: REFERS TO CHROMOSOMES IN WHICH
    ONE SET COMES FROM THE MALE PARENT AND ONE  SET
    COMES FROM THE FEMALE PARENT
  • allele- a variant or alternative form of a gene
  • karyotype- image with a individuals complete set of chromosomes
  • gene = trait
  • zygote- first cell after sperm and egg fertilizes
  • zygote goes through mitosis
  • dominant- trait with the stronger probability of expressing its appearance
  • recessive- the trait with less probability of expressing its appearance
  • phenotype- physical result of the two alleles
  • genotype- genetic make up of a gene
  • 3 types of genotypes
    1. RR= homozygous dominant
    2. rr = homozygous recessive
    3. Rr = heterozygous dominant
  • heterozygous- dominant allele is always expressed
  • asexual reproduction- 1 parent copies exact copy of DNA. always getting the same product because it is useful for stable, unchanging environment
  • sexual reproduction- 2 parents each gives half their DNA as a guarantee that their offspring would be different because it lives in stressful and unstable environment.
  • asexual only- bacteria
  • asexual & sexual- fungi, plants, some animals
  • sexual only- only animals + humans
  • this represents interphase in meiosis |
  • this represents prophase 1 in meiosis 1
  • this represents prophase 1 in meiosis 1
  • this represents anaphase 1 in meiosis 1
  • this represents telophase 1 and cytokinesis in meiosis 1
  • interphase 1- chromosomes are duplicated. 2n=46 (1x diploid) (in a human)
  • prophase 1- PAIR. chromosomes match-up with homologous pairs
  • metaphase 1- middle. the chromosomes are lined up in the middle as pairs
  • anaphase 1- AWAY. the chromosomes are pulled away from the middle