Organic

• Test if ammonia has evolved

  • add concentrated HCl
  • white fumes formed
• What is the fingerprint region in infrared spectrum

  Roughly about 1500 - 400

  exact match to spectrum of known compound
• When do chemists design production methods with fewer steps

  Less energy used

  better yield
• When do chemists design production methods with a higher percentage atom economy

  Less waste

  less pollution
• What type of compound is CH3CH2COOK

  uses of compound

  Carboxylate salt

  To make/ use soap
• suggest why aqueous ethanol is a suitable solvent when heating oil with potassium hydroxide

  • it will allow both the oil and potassium hydroxide to dissolve
• safety precaution and justification for heating oil with potassium hydroxide

  • use a waster bath
  • prevent risk of fire
  • ethanol is flammable
• Give one reason why carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation

  • C=O bonds vibrate at the same frequency as infrared radiation
• describe environmental impacts of producing bioethanol

  • deforestation/ sacrifice land that could be used for food
  • loss of biodiversity
  • not actually carbon neutral process as it doesn’t take into the energy used in production, distribution and purification by fractional distillation of bioethanol
• Kmo4 Potassium magnate ions colour change in a titration

  It is colourless in acid then pink/purple in alkali
• State the hazard associated with KCN and why it is used

  KCN is toxic / poisonous

  HCN is weak / KCN dissociates better than HCN
• Observation of alcohol + ethanoyl chloride

  • misty fumes
• Suggest which method is better to produce primary amines , reduction of nitriles vs halgenoalkanes with ammonia

  • with halgeonalkane leads to further reaction of primary amines
  • with nitriles there is no further reaction / higher atom economy
• Propyl amine with water , test with universal indictor

  • produces hydroxide ions (alkaline)
  • turns blue

  
• racemic mixture

  • planar molecule
  • equal probability of attack from above or below plane
• What doesn’t contribute to the greenhouse effect

  • nitrogen
• Reflux

  • mixture of liquids heated to boiling point for a prolonged tine
  • vapour is formed which escapes from the liquid mixture and returned to liquid mixture
  • any ethanal and ethanol that initial evaporates can then be oxidised