Cell Biology

• Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic and have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus containing DNA.
• Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a single circular strand of DNA and plasmids.
• The function of the nucleus is to contain DNA for a particular protein needed to build new cells and it is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
• The functions of the cytoplasm are that it is a liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur, it contains enzymes, and organelles are found in it.
• The function of the cell membrane is to control what enters and leaves the cell.
• The functions of mitochondria are that they provide energy for the cell by aerobic respiration and they are where protein synthesis occurs.
• The functions of ribosomes are that they are where protein synthesis occurs and they are found on a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• Chloroplasts function where photosynthesis takes place providing food for the plant and they contain chlorophyll pigment which harvests light needed for photosynthesis.
• The function of the permanent vacuole is to contain cell sap, it is found in the cytoplasm, and it improves the cell's rigidity.
• The function of the cell wall is to provide strength to the cell wall and it is made from a different compound (peptidogylcan).
• A single circular strand of DNA has no nucleus, it floats in the cytoplasm, and it is the only structure in prokaryotic cells that has DNA.
• Plasmids are small rings of DNA.