stats prob

• statistics is a branch of math that deals with a scientific collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data
• statistic method refers to the process used in the collection, presentation, analysis
• The nature of statistics are collection, organization, analysis, interpretation
• the measures of statistics and probability are central tendency, dispersion, and position
• Descriptive statistics is concerned with describing the properties and characteristics of data
• Inferential statistics is a method with the analysis of a sample data leading to prediction, inferences, interpretation, or conclusion
• Qualitative data refers to descriptive attributes that cannot be subjected to mathematical operation
• Quantitative data refers to numerical info based from counting or measuring
• Population refers to the totality of all elements
• Parameter is any statistical information or attribute taken from a population. It is the mean of the population
• Sample is a part of a population determined by sampling procedures
• Statistic is any attributes taken from a sample. Mean of the sample
• Variable is a specific factor, property, or characteristics of a population or a sample which differentiates a sample or group of samples from another group
• dependent variable: characteristics affects each other
• independent variable: characteristics do not affect each other
• discrete variables: variable that can be obtain by counting, whole numbers
• continuous variable: can be obtained by measuring objects or attributes, decimals, fractions, whole numbers
• scales of measurement is a value of a variable or characteristics of an element called an observation or measurement
• Nominal scale: depicts the presence or absence of a certain attribute. Usually involves the random assignments to represent the attribute. Data are classified into categories in which no ordering is implied
• ordinal scale: data is classfied according to order or rank
• interval scale: data at this level may lack inherent zero starting point. The observed data are classified into categories with ordering, direction of ranks and magnitude between ranks. Negative numbers are considered
• ratio scale: modified to include the inherent zero starting point
• probability : possibility
• experiment is a process of investigation from which results are observed
• sample space is the set of possible outcomes
• outcome: possible result of an experiment
• event: subset of all possible values outcomes or sample space of an experiment
• theoretical probability : an approach that basses the possible probability
• hearts and diamonds : red
• spades and clover : black
• discrete probability distribution is a table or a formula that indicates a discrete random variable and their responsibility
• the sum of all probabilities of all values is equal to 1
• the probability of specific value or range in the probability distribution is between 0 and 1 only