Material Deprivation

• What is the main cause of underachievement according to many sociologists?

  MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
• What does the term MATERIAL DEPRIVATION refer to?

  Poverty and lack of material necessities
• What are the four main aspects of MATERIAL DEPRIVATION?

  1. HOUSING
  2. DIET AND HEALTH
  3. LOWER INCOME
  4. FEAR OF DEBT
• How can poor housing directly affect a student's achievement?

  It can cause overcrowding, hindering study
• What is an indirect effect of poor housing on children?

  It can impair health and welfare
• How does overcrowding in housing indirectly affect children's education?

  It leads to disturbed sleep and fewer activities
• What does Howard (2001) say about nutrition in working-class homes?

  They have a lower intake of essential nutrients
• How does poor nutrition affect children's school attendance?

  It leads to absences and poor concentration
• What did Wilkinson (1996) find about social class and children's behavior?

  Lower social class correlates with hyperactivity
• What is the impact of lower income on children's educational experiences?

  They miss out on beneficial experiences
• What term does David Bull use to describe the financial burden on families?

  The costs of free schooling
• What did Emily Tanner find regarding additional costs for poorer families?

  They face heavy burdens for school-related costs
• How does poverty affect children's roles at home according to Teresa Smith and Michael Noble?

  Children take on roles that hinder schoolwork
• What financial support was abolished in 2011?

  • Financial support for over 16s
• What is the purpose of the Pupil Premium?

  • Provides extra funding for disadvantaged children
  • Aims to improve educational outcomes
• Why might working-class students avoid university?

  Fear of debt and tuition costs
• What did Callender and Jackson find about attitudes towards debt?

  It affects university attendance decisions
• What was the effect of increased tuition fees in 2012?

  It led to an 8.6% decrease in applications
• How does fear of debt affect financial support from parents?

  It decreases likelihood of receiving support
• What are the general criticisms of material deprivation theory?

  • Ignores cultural importance
  • Overlooks internal factors
  • Questions government assistance effectiveness
• What does the theory of material deprivation suggest about economic poverty?

  It significantly contributes to low academic achievement
• What did the Joseph Rowntree Foundation find in 1997 about child poverty?

  One in ten children were classified as poor
• What did Halsey (1980) identify as a key factor for working-class students?

  Lack of financial support prevents school retention
• What did Douglas (1964) find about children in unsatisfactory living conditions?

  They performed poorly on ability tests
• How does unemployment or low income affect educational resources?

  It reduces money for books and trips
• What can poverty and unsatisfactory living standards lead to?

  Health problems and school absences