Paper 1

• Energy

  Always conserved, cannot be created or destroyed, measured in Joules (J).
• The 8 Energy stores

  Thermal, Gravitational potential, Elastic potential, Magnetic, Chemical, Electrostatic, Nuclear, Kinetic
• Magnetic energy

  Holds magnets together
• Chemical energy

  Fuel, Food, and Batteries
• Electrostatic energy

  Electric shock
• Nuclear energy

  Breaking atoms apart
• Kinetic energy

  Movement.

  
• The 5 ways energy can be transferred

  Mechanically, Electrically, Heating, Infrared radiation, Light or Sound Waves
• Open system

  Can gain or lose energy to the 'outside world
• Closed system


  Cannot gain or lose energy to the 'outside world'. Overall energy stays the same.
• Conserved energy

  Useful energy
• Dissipated energy

  Wasted energy
• unwanted energy transfers can be reduced by

  lubrication or insulation
• Tennis ball projected upwards

  Kinetic energy store decreases, gravitational potential energy store increases
• Vehicle slows down

  Kinetic energy store decreases, thermal energy store increases
• Battery-powered drill turned on

  Chemical energy store decreases, kinetic and thermal energy store increases
• Person slides down a zip wire

  Gravitational potential energy store decreases, kinetic and thermal energy store increases
• Power

  Rate of energy transfer. Unit: Watt (W)
• Motor

  Device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
• Higher-power motor

  Lifts mass quickly
• Lower-power motor

  Lifts mass slowly
• Conduction

  Heating one end of a solid, makes the particles collide faster and transfer energy with neighbouring particles. This process repeats, transferring kinetic energy and passing thermal energy throughout the object.
• Thermal conductivity

  The ability of an object to transfer heat
• Ways to reduce energy loss in homes

  Loft insulation, cavity wall insulation, double glazing, draft excluders
• Ways to reduce energy costs in homes

  Solar Panels and Energy Efficient Boiler
• Insulation

  Traps air and small pockets, reducing the rate of energy transfer via conduction
• Internal energy

  The total energy of particles in a system. Consists of kinetic energy and chemical potential energy.
• Kinetic energy store

  the movement energy of the particles
• Specific heat capacity

  The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
• Required Practical 1: Specific Heat Capacity

  Zero balance with beaker. Add liquid, record mass. Insert thermometer and immersion heater. Note initial temperature. Wrap beaker in insulating foam. Connect joulemeter and power pack to immersion heater. Wait 30 minutes. Read joules of energy passed into immersion heater and final temperature of liquid. Use equation to calculate specific heat capacity.
• Energy change is measured in

  Joules
• Mass is measured in

  Kilograms
• Energy Sources

  Where we harness energy from in the world
• Uses of energy sources

  Transport, electricity generation, heating
• 7 renewable sources

  Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Water waves, Biofuels, Hydroelectricity, Tidal
• 2 non-renewable resources

  Fossil fuels, Nuclear fuel
• 6 Reliable energy sources include

  Fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, biofuel, hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal
• 2 Energy sources that emit carbon dioxide

  Fossil fuels and biofuel
• Electrical Circuit

  A closed loop that contains a power source (cell) and something for electrons to flow through
• Switch (open)


  doesn't allow current flow around the circuit