Import

• What diseases do pests spread?

  Diseases to crops, animals, or humans
• What is a pest?

  Anything that injures crops or animals
• How do pests compete with crops?

  For food, feed, or water
• What are the categories of pests?

  Insects, pathogens, weeds, mollusks, vertebrates
• Which vertebrate pests are economically important?

  Birds and rats
• What are common rat species in the Philippines?

  Norway rat, Philippine field rat, Asian field rat, Polynesian rat
• What is the scientific name of the Philippine sparrow?

  Passer montanus
• What is the aim of the course in pest management?

  Recognize major pests and their natural enemies
• Why is it important to recognize pest damage and disease symptoms?

  To make informed pest management decisions
• What is the relationship between living and non-living things in an agro-ecosystem?

  It affects pest management strategies
• What is the ecological function of trophic levels?

  They maintain balance in the ecosystem
• What is the purpose of Agro-ecosystem Analysis (AESA)?

  To aid decision-making in crop protection
• Why is pest sampling important in pest management?

  It helps develop effective management programs
• What are the different pest control approaches?

  Cultural, biological, regulatory, chemical
• What are Biological Control Agents (BCA's)?

  Natural enemies used to control pests
• What is the significance of pesticide labels?

  They provide essential information on usage
• Why has chemical control become conventional in pest management?

  Due to immediate effects of pesticides
• What problems arise from over-reliance on pesticides?

  Environmental contamination and human hazards
• What is the goal of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

  Maintain pest populations below economic threshold
• What does pest management (PM) refer to?

  Combination of tactics to manage pest populations
• What is the definition of Integrated Control?

  Blending biological and chemical control methods
• What are the key concepts of Pest Management (PM)?

  1. Intelligent selection of pest control tactics
  2. Monitoring pest increases and judicious pesticide use
  3. Optimization of pest control economically and ecologically
  4. Use of multiple compatible tactics
• What factors are considered in Pest Management (PM)?

  Economic, ecological, sociological factors
• What is the Economic Threshold Level (ETL)?

  Level at which pest management action is needed
• What is the Action Threshold (AT)?

  Point at which pest control measures should be taken
• What are the goals of Pest Management?

  1. Optimum crop productivity
  2. Ecological soundness
  3. Social acceptability
• What practices are involved in Pest Management according to Geier (1966)?

  Modifying pest life systems and applying biological knowledge
• What is the definition of Pest Management (PM)?

  Comprehensive pest technology to reduce pest levels
• What is the systems approach in Pest Management (PM)?

  Decision-making based on pest observations
• What are the components of Pest Management?

  1. Identify pests in the crop system
  2. Define management unit
  3. Develop management strategy
  4. Establish economic thresholds
  5. Evolve predictive models
• What is the principle of Pest Management?

  Pests can only be managed, not eliminated
• What are the management strategies in Pest Management?

  Do nothing, reduce pest numbers, reduce crop susceptibility
• What is the 'Do Nothing' strategy in pest management?

  When pest densities are below ETL
• What is the 'Reduced Number' strategy in pest management?

  Most widely-used strategy in IPM
• What is the 'Reduced Crop Susceptibility' strategy?

  Involves host plant resistance and environment manipulation
• What is the 'Combined Strategies' approach in pest management?

  Using multiple strategies to manage pests
• What are the approaches to Pest Management?

  1. Prevention
  2. Suppression
  3. Eradication
• What is the purpose of Initial Information Gathering in IPM?

  To know pest identification and history
• What is the role of Monitoring in IPM?

  To observe potential pest problems regularly
• What does establishing Injury Levels involve?

  Determining when pest action is necessary