carbohydrates

• Monomers are small units which combined together to create large molecules
• polymers are made up of lots of monomers bonded together
• Examples of monomers are glucose amino acids and nucleotides
• examples of polymers are starch cellulose glycogen protein and DNA and RNA
• There are three types of carbohydrates

  1. Monosaccharides
  2. disaccharides
  3. polysaccharides
• Examples of monosaccharides are glucose, fructose and galactose
• Examples of disaccharides are sucrose maltose and lactose
• examples of polysaccharides are starch cellulose and glycogen
• An isomer is when you have the same chemical formula but structurally it's arranged differently
• There are two isomers of glucose beta glucose and alpha glucose
• both alpha glucose and beta glucose have the molecular formula of C6 H12 O6
• A condensation reaction is the joining of two molecules together by removing water - H2O
• a hydrolysis reaction is the splitting apart of molecules through the addition of water H2O
• Disaccharides are made up of two monosaccharides to joined together by a glycosidic bond
• 1. Glucose + glucose ---> maltose
  2. glucose + fructose ---> sucrose
  3. glucose + galactose ---> lactose
• a polysaccharides are created by a condensation reaction between many glucose monomers