Standard deviation and index of diversity

• What does standard deviation measure?

  How spread out data is from the mean
• Why is standard deviation preferred over range?

  It shows data spread around the mean
• How does standard deviation handle anomalies compared to range?

  It reduces the effect of anomalies
• What does standard deviation indicate about differences in results?

  Whether a difference is significant
• Why is knowing the standard deviation useful for conclusions?

  No overlap indicates a significant difference
• What happens when you add or subtract standard deviation from the mean?

  It helps determine if differences are significant
• What are the advantages of using standard deviation over range?

  • Shows data spread around the mean
  • Reduces the effect of anomalies
  • Indicates significance of differences in results
• What does non overlap mean?

  Likey to be significant differently
• What does overlap mean?

  Likey no significant difference
• What is the index of diversity a measure of?

  Species diversity
• What does the index of diversity calculate?

  The relationship between species numbers and individuals
• What is the formula for calculating the index of diversity?

  $O/N(N-1) \sum \pi^2$
• What does N represent in the diversity index formula?

  Total number of organisms of all species
• What does n represent in the diversity index formula?

  Total number of organisms of a particular species
• What does D represent in the Simpson's diversity index?

  Species diversity index value
• What is the lowest value for D in the Simpson's diversity index?

  1
• What does a larger value of D indicate?

  Greater species diversity
• What is the typical range for the value of D?

  Between 1-10
• How can sampling bias be estimated in biodiversity studies?

  1. Divide study area into a grid
  2. Use random number generator for coordinates
  3. Sample at intersections of coordinates (repeat)
• What is the first step to estimate sampling bias?

  Divide study area into a grid
• What tool is used to obtain coordinates for sampling?

  Random number generator
• What do you do with the coordinates obtained from the random number generator?

  Take samples at their intersections
• How often should you repeat the sampling process?

  Repeat as necessary
• What is index of diversity

  Measures the population size of each species
• How does the scientist measures the rate of water flow in the river?

  Use of data logging device
• Estimate the total number of species?

  1.Determine the area

  2. Calculate total area

  3.Divide Area by a area plot

  4. Multiply by number of specie