Types: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protoctista

• What type of organisms are bacteria?

  Single-celled prokaryotic organisms
• What type of pathogens are viruses classified as?

  Acellular pathogens
• What happens to bacteria in suitable conditions?

  They rapidly multiply through binary fission
• What are toxins in the context of bacteria?

  Harmful substances released by bacteria
• What type of pathogen is E. coli?

  Bacteria
• How do viruses replicate?

  They infect cells and replicate inside them
• What are the main characteristics of bacteria as pathogens?

  • Prokaryotic: Lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
  • Cell Wall: Rigid structure made of peptidoglycan
  • Binary Fission: Asexual reproduction, rapid multiplication
  • Toxins: Release harmful substances damaging host cells
• How do bacteria cause diseases?

  By releasing toxins or damaging tissues
• How do fungi differ from bacteria in terms of cellular structure?

  Fungi are eukaryotic, while bacteria are prokaryotic
• What is the process by which bacteria reproduce?

  Binary fission, asexual reproduction
• What is the structure that maintains the shape of bacterial cells?

  Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
• How do viruses compare to bacteria in terms of size and reproduction?

  Viruses are smaller and lack independent reproduction
• What is a key difference between fungi and viruses regarding their reproduction?

  Fungi reproduce independently, viruses do not
• What type of pathogen is Athlete's foot?

  Fungi
• What are pathogens?

  Organisms that can cause diseases
• What disease is caused by Plasmodium protoctista?

  Malaria
• What is a characteristic of bacteria as pathogens?

  They are single-celled prokaryotes
• What type of pathogen is Influenza?

  Virus
• How is Amoebic dysentery contracted?

  From Entamoeba in contaminated water
• What methods of reproduction do fungi use?

  Both sexual and asexual methods
• What are the main characteristics of fungi as pathogens?

  • Eukaryotic organisms
  • Cell wall made of chitin
  • Reproduce both sexually and asexually
  • Some produce mycotoxins
• What type of pathogen is Malaria?

  Protoctista
• What is the replication cycle of viruses composed of?

  Attachment, entry, replication, assembly, release
• What types of genetic material can viruses contain?

  Either DNA or RNA
• Why can viruses only replicate inside host cells?

  They use the host's cellular machinery
• How do bacterial toxins affect host cells?

  They damage host cells directly
• Where do protoctista typically live?

  In water or soil
• What is the function of the capsid in a virus?

  It encloses the genetic material
• What are the main characteristics of viruses as pathogens?

  • Acellular: Not made of cells
  • Host Cell Dependency: Replicate only inside living host cells
  • Replication Cycle: Attachment, entry, replication, assembly, release
  • Capsid: Protein coat enclosing genetic material
  • Genetic Material: Contains either DNA or RNA
• What is the composition of the cell wall in fungi?

  Made of chitin
• What are the main characteristics of protoctista as pathogens?

  • Eukaryotic organisms
  • Single-celled parasites
  • Structure: nucleus, mitochondria, organelles
  • Size: larger than bacteria, smaller than fungi
  • Environment: aquatic or moist habitats
  • Disease type: various parasitic infections
• How do protoctista function as pathogens?

  They act as single-celled parasites
• What are the main types of pathogens and their descriptions?

  • Bacteria: Single-celled prokaryotes that can infect various body systems.
  • Viruses: Tiny particles that infect cells and replicate inside them.
  • Fungi: Eukaryotic organisms that can cause infections in skin, lungs, or other tissues.
  • Protoctista: Eukaryotic organisms that are often single-celled and live in water or soil.
• In what type of environments do protoctista typically thrive?

  Typically aquatic or moist habitats
• What type of diseases can protoctista cause?

  Various parasitic infections
• How do fungi differ from viruses in terms of growth and reproduction?

  Fungi can grow independently within a host
• What type of organisms are fungi?

  Eukaryotic
• What is the structure of protoctista?

  Nucleus, mitochondria, other organelles
• What type of organisms are protoctista?

  Eukaryotic organisms
• What are mycotoxins?

  Toxins produced by some fungal species