Phagocytosis process

• What are phagocytes?

  Specialized cells that engulf pathogens
• What is the purpose of the "Food particle" in the nutrition process of amoeba?

  • The food particle is the source of nutrients for the amoeba
  • The amoeba engulfs the food particle during ingestion
  • The food particle is then digested inside a food vacuole
• What occurs during the ingestion stage of phagocytosis?

  Phagocyte extends pseudopodia around pathogen
• Where are macrophages primarily located?

  Organs and tissues
• What is the significance of macrophages acting as antigen-presenting cells?

  They link innate and adaptive immune responses
• What is the name of the process shown in the image?

  Nutrition in amoeba
• How does the nutrition process in amoeba differ from the nutrition process in more complex organisms like humans?

  Amoeba uses pseudopodia to engulf food, while humans use a mouth and digestive system organs
• What are the main steps of nutrition in amoeba shown in the image?

  1. Ingestion: Amoeba engulfs food particle
  2. Digestion: Food particle forms a food vacuole
  3. Absorption: Nutrients are absorbed from the food vacuole
  4. Assimilation: Absorbed nutrients are used by the amoeba
  5. Egestion: Undigested waste is expelled from the amoeba
• What is the purpose of the "Pseudopodia" in the nutrition process of amoeba?

  The pseudopodia help the amoeba engulf and surround the food particle during ingestion
• How does the "Food vacuole" function in the nutrition process of amoeba?

  • The food vacuole is formed around the ingested food particle
  • Digestive enzymes are secreted into the food vacuole to break down the food
  • Nutrients are then absorbed from the food vacuole during the assimilation step
  • Any undigested waste is expelled from the food vacuole during egestion
• What bodily system is this entire process part of?

  Immune system
• What is the final step in the nutrition process of amoeba shown in the image?

  Egestion
• What are the two main types of phagocytes in mammals?

  Neutrophils and macrophages
• What type of cell engulfs bacteria in the depicted process?

  Phagocyte
• What is the structure labeled as "Nucleus" in the image?

  The control center of the amoeba
• What is the outcome of phagocytosis in relation to infection?

  It prevents infection spread
• How do macrophages develop and what is their role?

  They develop from monocytes and present antigens
• What happens to the pathogen after it is engulfed by a phagocyte?

  It is trapped in a food vacuole
• What is phagocytosis?

  A process where cells engulf pathogens
• How does phagocytosis protect the body?

  • Engulfs harmful invaders
  • Breaks down pathogens
  • Prevents disease and infection
• What are the five stages of phagocytosis?

  Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion
• Where are neutrophils primarily located?

  Blood and tissues
• What occurs during the assimilation stage of phagocytosis?

  Broken-down materials are absorbed into cytoplasm
• What are the characteristics and locations of neutrophils and macrophages?

  • Neutrophils:
  • Short lifespan
  • First responders
  • Located in blood and tissues
  • Macrophages:
  • Longer lifespan
  • More versatile
  • Located in organs and tissues
• What do phagocytes destroy?

  Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses
• What is poured into the food vacuole to destroy the bacterium?

  Enzymes
• How do phagocytes engulf bacteria?

  Through pseudopodia extensions
• What happens during the digestion stage of phagocytosis?

  Pathogen is enclosed in a food vacuole
• What is the term for the process where a phagocyte surrounds and takes in a bacterium?

  Engulfment
• What is the role of lysosomes in phagocytosis?

  Lysosomes fuse with vacuole, releasing enzymes
• What is the outcome of the process shown in the image?

  The bacterium is destroyed
• What are the stages of phagocytosis?

  1. Ingestion: Pseudopodia extend around pathogen
  2. Digestion: Pathogen enclosed in food vacuole
  3. Absorption: Lysosomes fuse with vacuole
  4. Assimilation: Materials absorbed into cytoplasm
  5. Egestion: Undigested remains eliminated
• What is the primary role of phagocytosis in the immune system?

  It serves as the first line of defense
• What broader process is represented by the image of a phagocyte engulfing a bacterium?

  Endocytosis
• What is the initial interaction shown in the image?

  Phagocyte approaching a bacterium
• What destroys the pathogen trapped in the food vacuole?

  Digestive enzymes
• What structure is formed when the phagocyte engulfs the bacterium?

  Food vacuole
• What type of immunity does phagocytosis belong to?

  Innate immunity
• What does phagocytosis directly engulf?

  Invading bacteria
• What is the final stage of phagocytosis?

  Undigested remains are eliminated