DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

• The three components of nucleotides are a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic base.
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain prokaryotic-like DNA.
• Prokaryotic cells are short and circular and are not associated with proteins.
• Genetic material is associated with histone proteins to form chromosomes.
• The structure of DNA is made up of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four organic bases (A,C,G,T).
• DNA is double-stranded and hydrogen bonds between the bases form a helix shape.
• DNA carries genetic information and determines our inherited characteristics.
• The structure of RNA is made up of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four organic bases (A,C,G,U).
• RNA is single-stranded.
• RNA transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
• Purine (double ring) bases are adenine and guanine.
• Pyrimidine (single ring) bases are cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
• In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found in the nucleus and is long and linear.