TNR Perspective

• Which NR thinker argued that biological diff.s were the cause of crime?

  Hernstein
• Hernstein used IQ data to suggest a correlation between what?

  Low intelligence + criminality > some are predisposed to crime
• Hernstein considers crime to be b___________ d_________.

  Biologically determined
• According to TNR, which social institution is the best for Primary socialisation?

  Nuclear family
• What does Murray argue is causing growing crime rates?

  Growing underclass
• What are some characteristics of ‘problem families’ which supposedly make up the underclass (according to Murray)?

  Single-parent households, welfare dependency, lack of work ethic.
• Why does Murray say the underclass has developed?

  Growing dependency on welfare state
• Why are the underclass socialised poorly which contributes to crime?

  More lone-parent families headed by the mother
• Who argued there’s a lower layer of unqualified + unemployed ppl who are wholly dependent on the state who also subscribe to a ‘fatalistic culture’, encouraging deviant behaviour?

  Saunders
• —VE AO3:

  • They’ve been accused of -vely s___________ & s___________ poor ppl.
  • No e________ e_______ that the underclass ACC exists.
  • -Vely stereotyping & scapegoating
  • No empirical evidence
• -VE AO3: What are 2 studies suggesting that poor, deprived ppl acc share the same values as the rest of society?

  1. Gallie - Unemployed ppl have strong ‘work ethic’ + NO evidence of dependency culture
  2. Charlesworth - strong moral values amongst deprived ppl in Rotherham
• -VE AO3: Who described TNR as ‘sociology of vindictiveness’?

  Young
• -VE AO3: What did Young mean when he described TNR as vindictive?

  They deflected blame from real issues of ≠ by blaming the impoverished for their own deprivation
• -VE AO3: How would Interactionists explain ethnic diff.s in crime rates whereas TNR uses IQ?


  Institutional racism + labelling occurring within the CJS.
• -VE AO3: How do Marxists challenge this perspective of crime?

  TNR ignores MC/UC crime, only focussing on WC crime