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Molecular and cellular biology
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Created by
Stacy Murgatroyd
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Cards (19)
The endoplasmic reticulum (
ER
) is involved in
protein synthesis
,
folding
,
modification
, and
transport.
Smooth ER lacks
ribosomes
and is involved in
lipid metabolism.
Protein synthesis occurs on
free ribosomes
or
membrane-bound rough ER.
Ribosomes are the site of
protein synthesis
and consist of
ribosomal RNA
(
rRNA
) and
proteins.
Rough ER has
ribosomes
attached to its surface and is involved in
protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
are the site of
protein synthesis.
Golgi apparatus
modifies
proteins
and packages them into
vesicles
for
secretion
or
delivery
to other
organelles.
Lysosomes
contain
digestive enzymes
that break down
waste materials
and
damaged organelles.
Ribosomes are composed of
RNA
and
proteins.
Translation
involves the
decoding
of
mRNA
by
tRNAs
carrying
amino acids
to form
polypeptides.
Translation
involves
decoding mRNA
to produce
polypeptides.
Transcription
produces an
mRNA
copy of
DNA
that can be
translated
into a
protein.
mRNA contains three regions:
5' untranslated region
(
UTR
),
coding sequence
, and
3' UTR.
Ribosomes
are composed of
rRNA
and
proteins.
Mitochondria
generate
ATP
through
oxidative phosphorylation
, using
oxygen
as an
electron acceptor.
Chloroplasts
use
light energy
to convert carbon dioxide and water into
glucose
during
photosynthesis.
Mitochondria generate
ATP
through
aerobic respiration
and have their own
DNA
and
ribosomes.
Protein folding occurs within the
ER lumen.
Mitochondria generate
ATP
through
oxidative phosphorylation.
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