2.2 properties due to structure and bonding

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Jack

Cards (24)

the three states of matter are solids, liquids and gases.
Melting and freezing take place at the melting point.
Boiling and condensing take place at the boiling point.
The stronger the forces between particles, the higher the melting point and boiling point of the substance.
the state symbol for solid is ( s )
the state symbol for liquid is ( l )
the state symbol for gas is ( g )
the state symbol for aqueous solutions is ( aq )
Ionic compounds form giant ionic lattices in which there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Ionic compounds have very high melting and boiling points because a lot of energy is required to break the many strong bonds.
When melted or dissolved in water, Ionic compounds conduct electricity because the ions are free to move and carry current. They can't conduct electricity when they are solid because the ions are fixed in position.
covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points.
In covalent compounds, there are weak intermolecular forces between molecules.
Polymers have very large molecules.
atoms in polymer molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds.
substances that have giant covalent structures have very high melting and boiling points.
All atoms in giant covalent structures are linked to other atoms by strong covalent bonds.
examples include: diamond and graphite (forms of carbon)
metals have giant structures of atoms with strong metallic bonding.
most metals have high melting and boiling points.
The layers of atoms in metals are able to slide over each other, so metals can be bent and shaped.
Alloys are made from 2 or more different types of metals.
In alloys, the different sized atoms distort the layers in the structure, making it harder for them to slide over each other. So alloys are harder than pure metals.
Metals are good conductors of electricity because the delocalised electrons in the metal carry electrical charge through the metal.