Ainsworth’s Strange Situation

    Cards (58)

    • What are the variations in children's interactions with their mothers?
      Some are independent, others are clingy
    • What is the focus of Mary Ainsworth's research?
      To categorize early attachment styles
    • What technique did Ainsworth develop to assess attachment?
      The Strange Situation
    • What did Ainsworth's research find about attachment styles across cultures?
      Similarities and differences in attachment styles
    • What behaviors indicate the strength of an infant's attachment?
      Closeness to mother, anxiety around strangers
    • What does using the mother as a secure base mean?
      Infants return to mother for reassurance
    • What is a key behavior of insecure avoidant attachment?
      Limited distress upon mother's return
    • How do mothers of insecure avoidant infants typically behave?
      They show less responsiveness to needs
    • What characterizes secure type B attachment?
      Confidence in exploration and moderate anxiety
    • What is a behavior of insecure resistant type C infants?
      Clinginess and high anxiety around strangers
    • What does the Strange Situation assess?
      Infant and mother responses to separation
    • How does the Strange Situation evaluate separation anxiety?
      By observing infant reactions when alone
    • What is the significance of the structured observational technique in the Strange Situation?
      It allows for controlled assessment of behaviors
    • What percentage of infants were securely attached in Ainsworth's study?
      Approximately 66% of the sample
    • What is a limitation of the Strange Situation regarding cultural bias?
      It may not apply to all cultural contexts
    • What does the term imposed etic refer to?
      Applying one culture's norms to all cultures
    • What did Kagan argue about attachment styles?
      They may reflect biological temperament
    • What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis focus on?
      Attachment styles across eight countries
    • What was a key finding of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's research?
      Secure attachment was the most prevalent type
    • How did cultural differences affect attachment styles in the study?
      Influenced parenting practices and attachment behaviors
    • What percentage of securely attached infants was found in the UK?
      75% of the sample
    • What does the term cultural bias imply in attachment research?
      Assuming one culture's norms are superior
    • What is a limitation of the sample size in Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's study?
      Some countries had only one study represented
    • What does the term "cultural monolith" refer to in attachment studies?
      Assuming cultures are uniform without diversity
    • How does the large sample size in Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's study benefit the findings?
      It dilutes the impact of poorly conducted studies
    • What is a criticism of the Strange Situation's environment?
      It doesn't mimic a familiar home setting
    • What did Simonelli's study find about modern Italian infants?
      Reduction in securely attached infants
    • What does the dominance of secure attachment suggest about parenting?
      It may be an inherited biological drive
    • What is a significant limitation of the findings from Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis?
      Variation within countries was larger than between
    • How does cultural bias affect the interpretation of attachment styles?
      It risks mislabeling behaviors as insecure
    • Who devised the Strange Situation to observe attachment in infants?
      Mary Ainsworth et al.
    • What was the purpose of the Strange Situation?
      To observe the quality of attachment in infants
    • How many infants were observed in the Strange Situation study?
      106 infants
    • What was the structure of the research room used in the Strange Situation?
      Marked into a grid of 16 squares
    • How long was each episode in the Strange Situation?
      Three minutes
    • What methods were used to collect data during the Strange Situation?
      One-way mirror and video camera
    • What types of behaviors were observed in infants during the Strange Situation?
      Separation anxiety, reunion behavior, stranger anxiety
    • How many behavioral categories were the infants' behaviors split into?
      Five behavioral categories
    • What scale was used to score the intensity of behaviors?
      A 1-7 scale
    • What does contact-maintaining behavior involve?
      Holding and clinging to the caregiver
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