GEC2

• Socio-economic Issues started in the past and still being currently experienced by most Filipinos.
• Poverty - lack of income and  productive resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-making.
• Common Causes of Poverty

  • Increase in Population
  • Increase in the cost of living
  • Unemployment
  • Income Inequality
• Unemployment -when an individual who is not employed and is seeking employment, cannot find work.
• Common Causes of Unemployment

  • The number of people entering the job market has been greater than the number of jobs created.
  • Lack of education or skills
  • Over population or rapid population growth
  • Contractual or Endo
  • Discrimination
  • Rapid technological change
  • Lack of education
  • Natural Disaster
  • Lack of money
  • Lack of job opportunities
• Poor Quality of Infrastructure is a major constraint to the development of the country.
• Common Causes of Poor Quality of Infrastructure

  • Corruption
  • Political Influence
  • Inefficiency of Labor Force
  •  Poor Accountability
• Income Inequality gap in income that exists between the rich and the poor.
• Common Causes of Income Inequality

  
  

  Social Factors:

  • Education
  • Housing
  • Health
  • Crime and Justice System
  • Family Structure

  Economic Factors:

  • Low Income and Poverty
  • Unemployment
  • Promotion
• BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT: EXECUTIVE BRANCH, LEGISLATIVE BRANCH, AND JUDICIAL BRANCH
• President - Implement laws of the country.
• Vice President is the second in command of the executive branch and is elected every six years.
• Cabinet - made up of the heads of the 15 executive departments.
•  LEGISLATIVE BRANCH - authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress
• Legislative Branch: Congress, Senate, and House of Representatives
• Executive Branch: President, Vice President, and Cabinet
• Senate President (Juan Miguel Zubiri)
• Senate is composed of 24 Senators for 6yrs
• JUDICIAL BRANCH - holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable.
• Judicial power is vested in supreme court and other courts
• Judicial Branch: Supreme Court, Regional Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, Special Courts (Saliganbayan), and the Court of Appeals
• Department of Agriculture (Ferdinand Remualdez Marcos Jr.) - responsible for the promotion of agricultural development
• Department of Education (Sara Z. Duterte) - responsible for improving the quality of basic education.
• Department of Health (Maria Rosario Vergeire) - responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos.
• Department of Agrarian Reform (Conrado Estrella III) - implement comprehensive and genuine agrarian reforms.
• Constitution (Supreme law of land) set of rules that guides the country, state, or other political organization works.
• February 2 - Constitution day
• IMPORTANCE OF CONSTITUTION

  • To maintain law and order
  • Impose rules and regulations
  • Protects individuals’ freedom and right
  • Limits the power of the government
• Only 3 constitutions effectively governed the country.
• Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas - Filipino collaborators who ratified 1943 Constitution
• MARCOS - first elected in 1965, re-elected in 1969. Declared Martial Law in 1972 because of “growing communist”
• Constitutional Convention (Con-Con) - meeting of delegates to adopt a new constitution or revise existing constitution, began to meet in 1971. 
• PREAMBLE:

  We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
• 18 Articles

  • National Territory
  • Declaration of Principles and State Policies
  • Bill of Rights
  • Citizenship
  • Suffrage
  • Legislative Department
  • Executive Department
  • Judicial Department
  • Constitutional Commissions
  • Local Government
  • Accountability of Public Officers
  • National Economy and Patrimony
  • Social Justice and Human Rights
  • Education, Science, Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports
  • The Family
  • General Provisions
  • Amendments or Revisions
  • Transitory Provisions
• Constitutions: 1899 Constitution (Malolos Constitution), 1935 Constitution (Commonwealth Government), 1943 Constitution (Japanese Government), 1973 Consitution (Marcos Administration), 1986 Constitution (Freedom Constitution), and 1987 Constitution (Anti-Marcos Constitution)
• Salient Features of Malolos Constitution 

  • Popular, Representative government
  • Unicameral Legislator
  • Separation of church and state
  • Bill of Rights
  • Compulsory and Free Basic Education

  PROBLEM: not fully implemented because of eruption of Ph Us war
• Salient Features of 1935 Constitution

  • Bicameral Legislator
  • 4 year term for pres and vp without re-election
  • Implements the right of suffrage

  PROBLEM: interrupted due to Japanese occupation, world war II broke out and we were colonized by Japanese.
• Salient Features of 1943 Constitution

  • Strong executive powers
  • Legislators was a unicameral national assembly
  • Only anti US can run for election

  PROBLEM: recognized as legitimate and binding only in the Japanese controlled areas in the Philippines

  • Completely ignored by US and Philippine government
  • Short-lived constitution because Americans came back and gave us our independence on July 4, 1946.
• Salient Features of 1973 Constitution

  • Parliamentary government
  • Legislative powers was vested in a unicameral National Assembly elected by people.
  • Legalized decrees, proclamation, and orders of president.
• Salient Features of 1986 Freedom Constitution

  • Verbatim copy of 1973 Constitution minus the provisions of Batasang Pambansa (because it was completely abolished)
  • Aquino vested in herself both executive and legislative powers.
  • Transitional Constitution that lasted for a year.