AO1

• Duck proposed a phase model of relationship breakdown. He argued that the ending of a relationship is not a one-off. but a process that takes time and goes through four distinct phases. Each phase is characterised by one partner reaching a threshold where their perception of the relationship changes. This dissatisfied partner may reassess and decide the relationship isn't so bad, halting the process of breakdown, or they cross the threshold and move on to the next stage.
• Intra-Psychic phase

  • “I can't stand this anymore.”
  • This indicates a determination that something has to change from one partner.
  • A partner becomes dissatisfied with the relationship in its current form. They will then worry about the reasons for this and will focus on their partner's shortcoming.
  • This stage is private as the dissatisfied partner tends to keep this to themselves, but they may share their thoughts to a trusted friend and weigh up pros and cons
• Dyadic phase

  • “I would be justified in withdrawing.”
  • Once a partner concludes that they are justified in ending the relationship, they have to discuss this with their partner.
  • Dissatisfaction about equity, commitment, etc. aired.
  • Self-disclosure may be more frequent as partners feel they can reveal their true feelings.
• Social phase

  • The dissatisfied partner concludes “I mean it.”
  • Once a partner wants to end the relationship, they will seek support, particularly from joint friends.
  • This is the phase where gossip most occurs as friends may choose a side but others may try to prevent the breakup by acting as a mediator.
  • However, once the news is public, it is usually the point of no return.
• Grave dressing phase

  • “It is now inevitable.”
  • Once the end becomes inevitable, a suitable story of the relationship is prepared for wider consumption. This attempts to ensure the storyteller will be judged most favourably. This creation of a personal story in addition to the public one is necessary so the partner can move on.