chemical changes

Cards (25)

  • What tool is used to measure pH?
    Universal indicator or pH probe
  • What is the pH range for acids?
    0 to 6.9
  • What color indicates a neutral pH?
    Green
  • What is a neutral substance?
    Pure water
  • What ions do acids form in water?
    H+ ions
  • How do bases react with acids?
    They form a salt and water
  • What is the difference between an alkali and a base?
    An alkali has a pH more than 7
  • What defines a strong acid or alkali?
    They ionize completely in water
  • What is produced when water reacts with a metal?
    Metal hydroxide and hydrogen
  • What does an acid and metal reaction produce?
    Salt and hydrogen
  • What are the four types of neutralization reactions?
    1. Acid + Base → Salt + Water
    2. Acid + Metal Oxide → Salt + Water
    3. Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Salt + Water
    4. Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
  • What salts do different acids create?
    Sulfuric acid creates sulfates
  • What is the reactivity series?
    Order of metal reactivity
  • What determines the reactivity of metals?
    How easily they lose electrons
  • Which elements are included in the reactivity series?
    Potassium, sodium, lithium
  • What does oxidation mean in terms of electrons?
    Loss of electrons
  • What does reduction mean in terms of electrons?
    Gain of electrons
  • What is a displacement reaction?
    Electrons are transferred between substances
  • What happens during electrolysis?
    Metal and non-metal ions are separated
  • What is attracted to the cathode during electrolysis?
    Positive metal ions
  • What happens to non-metal ions during electrolysis?
    They are attracted to the anode
  • What forms at the bottom during electrolysis?
    Molten metal layer
  • What escapes through the surface during electrolysis?
    Non-metals often as gas
  • What is the summary of topic four: chemical changes?
    • Covers pH scale, acids, and bases
    • Discusses reactivity series and Redux reactions
    • Explains electrolysis and its processes
  • What is the next topic after chemical changes?
    Energy changes