electricity

• How many circuit symbols should you remember?

  12 circuit symbols
• What is a filament lamp similar to?

  A light bulb
• What does a variable resistor look like?

  It has an arrow through it
• What does a fuse do?

  Protects the circuit from overload
• What does LED stand for?

  Light Emitting Diode
• What is the definition of current?

  Flow of electric charge
• What is the equation for charge?

  Q = It
• What are the units for charge, current, and time?

  Coulombs, Amperes, Seconds
• How should you convert minutes to seconds?

  Multiply by 60
• How do electrons travel through a circuit?

  Like cars on a road
• What drives electrons through a circuit?

  Potential difference or voltage
• What does resistance mean in a circuit?

  Electrons funnel through a smaller space
• What is Ohm's Law equation?

  V = IR
• What do volts, amps, and ohms represent?

  Potential difference, current, resistance
• What factors can affect resistance?

  Component strength, wire length, diameter
• How does a light dependent resistor work?

  Resistance decreases with higher light intensity
• How does a thermistor work?

  Resistance decreases with higher temperature
• What is the difference between series and parallel circuits?

  Series has one loop; parallel has multiple paths
• What is the total potential difference in a series circuit?

  Sum of all potential differences
• What is true about current in a series circuit?

  Current is the same everywhere
• What is true about potential difference in a parallel circuit?

  It is the same everywhere
• How does current behave at junctions in a parallel circuit?

  It splits based on resistance
• What happens to total resistance in parallel circuits?

  It is less than the smallest resistor
• What are the three wires in a plug?

  Live, neutral, earth
• What does the earth wire do?

  Grounds electricity for safety
• What is the equation for power?

  P = IV
• What does a step-up transformer do?

  Increases voltage in the wires
• Why is voltage increased in the National Grid?

  To reduce current and energy loss
• What does a step-down transformer do?

  Reduces voltage to a safer level
• What is the final goal of the National Grid?

  Deliver electricity to homes
• What are the key differences between series and parallel circuits?

  Series Circuits:

  • Single loop
  • Total potential difference is the sum
  • Current is the same everywhere
  • Total resistance is the sum of resistances

  
  

  Parallel Circuits:

  • Multiple paths
  • Potential difference is the same everywhere
  • Total current is the sum of currents
  • Total resistance is less than the smallest resistor
• What are the characteristics of light dependent resistors and thermistors?

  Light Dependent Resistor (LDR):

  • Resistance decreases with higher light intensity

  
  

  Thermistor:

  • Resistance decreases with higher temperature
• What is the role of the National Grid in electricity distribution?

  • Transports electricity from power stations to homes
  • Uses step-up transformers to increase voltage
  • Uses step-down transformers to reduce voltage for safety
• What is the traffic analogy used for understanding electric circuits?

  • Electrons are like cars
  • Wires are like roads
  • Current is like the number of cars
  • Resistance is like traffic congestion
• What are the components of a typical electrical circuit?

  • Power source (battery)
  • Conductors (wires)
  • Load (light bulb, resistor)
  • Switch (to control flow)