forces

• What does magnitude refer to in vector quantities?

  Size
• What is a scalar quantity?

  A quantity with only magnitude
• How do distance and displacement differ?

  Displacement includes direction, distance does not
• If you run around a 400 m track and return to the start, what is your displacement?


  0 m
• What are the four important equations in forces?

  1. Weight = mass × gravity
  2. Acceleration = (V2 - V1) / T
  3. Work done = force × displacement
  4. Momentum = mass × velocity
• What is the unit of weight?

  Newtons
• What does the equation for acceleration represent?

  The change in velocity over time
• What is the unit for work done?

  Newton meters
• What does momentum equal?

  Mass times velocity
• What is the gradient of a force-extension graph?

  Spring constant
• What happens when force exceeds the limit of proportionality?

  The object becomes permanently deformed
• What do distance and velocity time graphs represent?

  • Distance time graph:
  • Constant increase in speed
  • No change indicates rest
  • Exponential increase indicates acceleration
  • Plateau indicates deceleration
  • Velocity time graph:
  • Constant acceleration
  • Constant speed at a non-zero value
  • Increasing and decreasing acceleration
• What does the area under a velocity time graph represent?

  Distance traveled
• What does the gradient of a distance time graph indicate?

  Speed at that respective time
• What is Newton's first law of motion?

  An object remains in motion unless acted upon
• What does Newton's second law state?

  Force equals mass times acceleration
• If an object has a mass of 10 kg and accelerates at $10 \text{ m/s}^2$, what is the force?


  $100 \text{ N}$
• What does Newton's third law state?

  For every force, there is an equal and opposite force
• What is the normal contact force?

  The force exerted upwards against weight
• How do contact and non-contact forces differ?

  Contact forces require physical interaction
• What is the significance of free body diagrams?

  They show all forces acting on an object
• What is the unit of spring constant?

  Newton per meter
• What does it mean if an object is elastic?

  It returns to its original shape after deformation
• What is the formula for force in terms of spring constant and extension?

  Force = spring constant × extension
• What happens to an object when it exceeds the limit of proportionality?

  It becomes inelastic and permanently deformed
• How do distance and velocity time graphs differ in interpretation?

  They represent different aspects of motion
• What does a flat line on a distance time graph indicate?

  The object is at rest
• What does a flat line on a velocity time graph indicate?

  The object is moving at constant speed
• What is the relationship between force and acceleration according to Newton's second law?

  Force is proportional to acceleration
• What is the significance of the gradient on a velocity time graph?

  It indicates acceleration
• What is the formula for weight?

  Weight = mass × gravity
• What does the term 'resultant force' refer to?

  The overall force acting on an object
• What is the unit of momentum?

  Kilogram meter per second
• What does the term 'elastic limit' refer to?

  The maximum extent to which a material can be deformed elastically
• What is the formula for calculating work done?

  Work done = force × displacement
• What does it mean if an object is at rest according to Newton's first law?

  It will not move unless acted upon
• How does the concept of inertia relate to Newton's first law?

  Inertia is the tendency to resist changes in motion
• What is the significance of Newton's third law in everyday life?

  It explains action-reaction force pairs
• What is the formula for acceleration?

  Acceleration = (V2 - V1) / T
• How does friction affect motion according to Newton's laws?

  Friction opposes motion and reduces acceleration