waves

• What do waves transfer?

  Energy in the direction they are traveling
• What can happen to waves?

  They can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected
• How do particles transfer energy in waves?

  Particles vibrate to transfer energy
• What is a medium in the context of waves?

  A material or substance through which waves travel
• What is the equation for time period?

  Time period = 1 / frequency
• What is the equation for wave speed?

  Wave speed = frequency times wavelength
• What are the two types of waves mentioned?

  Transverse and longitudinal waves
• What is the amplitude of a wave?

  The height of the wave from the rest position
• What is the wavelength of a wave?

  The distance between one wave point and the next
• What is a crest in a wave?

  The top of the wave
• What is a trough in a wave?

  The bottom of the wave
• How do transverse waves vibrate?

  Perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
• How do longitudinal waves vibrate?

  Parallel to the direction of energy transfer
• What is rarefaction in a longitudinal wave?

  The separation when particles are farther apart
• What is compression in a longitudinal wave?

  When particles are very close together
• What is refraction?

  Change of direction at a boundary between mediums
• What is a wave front diagram?

  A diagram showing wave fronts and their direction
• What is the normal line in wave diagrams?

  A line perpendicular to the surface of the medium
• What happens to the ray when it enters a denser material?

  The ray bends towards the normal line
• What happens to the ray when it enters a less dense material?

  The angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence
• What are electromagnetic waves?

  Waves that transfer energy from a source to an absorber
• What is the speed of light?

  $3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}$
• What are the types of electromagnetic waves in order?

  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
• How does wavelength change across electromagnetic waves?

  Wavelength decreases and frequency increases
• What are some uses of radio waves?

  Radio communications, Bluetooth, and TV
• What are some uses of microwaves?

  Microwave ovens and satellites
• What are some uses of infrared waves?

  Monitoring temperature, thermal cameras, and heaters
• What are some uses of visible light?

  Fiber optics for data transmission
• What are some uses of ultraviolet waves?

  Sun tanning and invisible pens
• What are some uses of X-rays?

  Medicine in radiography and radiotherapy
• What are some uses of gamma rays?

  Medical tracers for tracking cells
• What is the radiation risk associated with high-frequency waves?

  They can be harmful due to high energy transfer
• How do low-frequency waves behave in the body?

  They pass through soft tissue without absorption
• What damage can UV radiation cause?

  It can lead to sunburn and skin cancer
• What should you use to protect against UV radiation?

  Sun cream
• What is the next topic after waves?

  Magnetism and electromagnetism