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Topic 5 - energy changes
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Cards (82)
What happens to energy during chemical reactions?
There are changes in energy
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What is stored within chemicals?
A certain amount of
energy
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What happens if the products of a reaction store less energy than the reactants?
Excess energy transfers to
surroundings
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What happens if the products of a reaction store more energy than the reactants?
They take in energy from
surroundings
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What happens to the overall amount of energy in chemical reactions?
It
doesn't
change
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What does it mean to say energy is conserved in reactions?
It can't be
created
or
destroyed
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What is an exothermic reaction?
It transfers energy to the
surroundings
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What is a common indicator of an exothermic reaction?
A rise in
temperature
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What type of reactions are neutralization reactions?
Exothermic
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What type of reaction is the addition of sodium to water?
Exothermic
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What process is used in some hand warmers to release energy?
Exothermic
oxidation
of
iron
in air
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What type of reactions do self-heating cans of hot chocolate rely on?
Exothermic
reactions between chemicals
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What is an endothermic reaction?
It takes in energy from
surroundings
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What is a common indicator of an endothermic reaction?
A fall in
temperature
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Are endothermic reactions more or less common than exothermic reactions?
Less
common
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What happens when heating calcium carbonate in thermal decomposition?
Decomposes into
calcium oxide
and
carbon dioxide
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What everyday application utilizes endothermic reactions to provide cooling?
Sports injury packs
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In addition to knowing if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic, what else might you need to know?
How much energy is
absorbed
/
released
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How can you measure the amount of energy released by a chemical reaction in solution?
Measure
temp change
in
polystyrene cup
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What is the biggest problem with energy measurements in calorimetry experiments?
Energy lost to the
surroundings
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How can energy loss to the surroundings be reduced in calorimetry experiments?
Insulate cup
and
use a lid
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For which types of reactions does the polystyrene cup method work well?
Neutralisation
,
metal/acid
,
carbonate/acid
reactions
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In the described experiment, what temperature should the water bath be set to?
25°C
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What is another name for reaction profiles?
Energy level diagrams
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What do reaction profiles show?
Relative energies of
reactants
and
products
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In an exothermic reaction profile, where are the products located relative to the reactants?
At a lower
energy level
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What does the difference in height on an exothermic reaction profile represent?
Overall
energy change
per
mole
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What does the initial rise in energy on a reaction profile represent?
Activation energy
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What is the activation energy?
Energy needed to start the
reaction
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How is activation energy typically supplied?
By
heating
the reaction mixture
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In an endothermic reaction profile, where are the products located relative to the reactants?
At a higher
energy level
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What does the difference in height on an endothermic reaction profile represent?
Overall
energy change
per
mole
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In an exothermic reaction, do particles release or take in energy from their surroundings?
Release
energy
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In an endothermic reaction, do particles release or take in energy from their surroundings?
Take
in
energy
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What causes energy changes in chemical reactions?
Making and breaking
chemical bonds
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What must be supplied to break existing bonds?
Energy
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Is bond breaking an endothermic or exothermic process?
Endothermic
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Is bond formation an endothermic or exothermic process?
Exothermic
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In exothermic reactions, is the energy released by forming bonds greater or less than the energy used to break them?
Greater than
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In endothermic reactions, is the energy released by forming bonds greater or less than the energy used to break them?
Less than
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