Topic 5 - energy changes

    Cards (82)

    • What happens to energy during chemical reactions?
      There are changes in energy
    • What is stored within chemicals?
      A certain amount of energy
    • What happens if the products of a reaction store less energy than the reactants?
      Excess energy transfers to surroundings
    • What happens if the products of a reaction store more energy than the reactants?
      They take in energy from surroundings
    • What happens to the overall amount of energy in chemical reactions?
      It doesn't change
    • What does it mean to say energy is conserved in reactions?
      It can't be created or destroyed
    • What is an exothermic reaction?
      It transfers energy to the surroundings
    • What is a common indicator of an exothermic reaction?
      A rise in temperature
    • What type of reactions are neutralization reactions?
      Exothermic
    • What type of reaction is the addition of sodium to water?
      Exothermic
    • What process is used in some hand warmers to release energy?
      Exothermic oxidation of iron in air
    • What type of reactions do self-heating cans of hot chocolate rely on?
      Exothermic reactions between chemicals
    • What is an endothermic reaction?
      It takes in energy from surroundings
    • What is a common indicator of an endothermic reaction?
      A fall in temperature
    • Are endothermic reactions more or less common than exothermic reactions?
      Less common
    • What happens when heating calcium carbonate in thermal decomposition?
      Decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
    • What everyday application utilizes endothermic reactions to provide cooling?
      Sports injury packs
    • In addition to knowing if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic, what else might you need to know?
      How much energy is absorbed/released
    • How can you measure the amount of energy released by a chemical reaction in solution?
      Measure temp change in polystyrene cup
    • What is the biggest problem with energy measurements in calorimetry experiments?
      Energy lost to the surroundings
    • How can energy loss to the surroundings be reduced in calorimetry experiments?
      Insulate cup and use a lid
    • For which types of reactions does the polystyrene cup method work well?
      Neutralisation, metal/acid, carbonate/acid reactions
    • In the described experiment, what temperature should the water bath be set to?
      25°C
    • What is another name for reaction profiles?
      Energy level diagrams
    • What do reaction profiles show?
      Relative energies of reactants and products
    • In an exothermic reaction profile, where are the products located relative to the reactants?
      At a lower energy level
    • What does the difference in height on an exothermic reaction profile represent?
      Overall energy change per mole
    • What does the initial rise in energy on a reaction profile represent?
      Activation energy
    • What is the activation energy?
      Energy needed to start the reaction
    • How is activation energy typically supplied?
      By heating the reaction mixture
    • In an endothermic reaction profile, where are the products located relative to the reactants?
      At a higher energy level
    • What does the difference in height on an endothermic reaction profile represent?
      Overall energy change per mole
    • In an exothermic reaction, do particles release or take in energy from their surroundings?
      Release energy
    • In an endothermic reaction, do particles release or take in energy from their surroundings?
      Take in energy
    • What causes energy changes in chemical reactions?
      Making and breaking chemical bonds
    • What must be supplied to break existing bonds?
      Energy
    • Is bond breaking an endothermic or exothermic process?
      Endothermic
    • Is bond formation an endothermic or exothermic process?
      Exothermic
    • In exothermic reactions, is the energy released by forming bonds greater or less than the energy used to break them?
      Greater than
    • In endothermic reactions, is the energy released by forming bonds greater or less than the energy used to break them?
      Less than
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