HSC Human Development

• Infancy(0-3) Physical: Will develop fine motor skills, at birth the infant has primitive reflexes e.g. grasp reflex. By 18 months the infant can hold a crayon on scribble. By 36 months the infant can turn pages in a book.
• Infancy - Physical

  They will grow, the average height at birth is 51cm, this increases rapidly to an average height of 94cm by 3 years.
• Infancy - Physical

  Milk teeth will first appear at around 6 months and by age 2-3 years most children have a full set of 20 teeth.
• Infancy - Intellectual

  Language and vocabulary will develop. The infant makes noises when spoken by 1 month. By 6 months uses monosyllables such as 'ga ga'. By 18 months the infant uses up to 40 recognisable words. By 3 years the infant can talk in sentences.
• Infancy - Intellectual

  Their cognition will develop.

  By 1 month the infant recognises their primary care giver.

  By 15 months understands the names of various parts of the body.

  By 18 months echo the last part of what others say (echolalia)

  By 36 months are fascinated by cause and effect.
• Infancy - Emotional

  In the early stages they will show affection for caring routines e.g. getting a bath.

  By 9 months will still prefer to be near a familiar adult.

  By 18 months may become easily frustrated and have temper tantrums.

  By 3 years they may develop fears e.g. of the dark.
• Infancy - Social

  Infants gradually expand their social circle, building relationships with brothers, sisters etc. Throughout the life stage they will also begin interacting with extended family.
• Infancy - Social

  Infants will play on their own around the age of 1, this is known as solitary play, by 2 they will play alone next to another child. An infant is about 3 before they will play alone next to another child, this is known as co-operative play.
• Infancy - Social

  Social skills will develop e.g.

  • learning to feed themselves with a spoon (2yrs)
  • learning to dress with help (2-3yrs)
• Childhood - Physical

  Increase in weight from approximately

  • 16kg at 4 yrs
  • 29kg at 8yrs
  • 31 kg at 10yrs
• Childhood - Physical

  Increase in height from approximately

  • 102cm at 4yrs
  • 127cm at 8yrs
  • 137cm at 10yrs
• Childhood - Physical

  Puberty can start at the age of 8 for girls and 9 for boys.
• Childhood - Intellectual

  Reading skills develop from reading simple books with pictures to books with no pictures.
• Childhood - Intellectual

  Writing skills develop from, for example writing simple sentences to complex sentences and constructing paragraphs.
• Childhood - Intellectual

  Memory continues to develop, for example they are able to recall greater amounts of more complex information
• Childhood - Emotional

  May have high self esteem if they feel loved, valued, cared for and have a sense of belonging.
• Childhood - Emotional

  Sense of independence increases from being able to undertake simple tasks by themselves to being completely independent in washing, dressing and toileting skills by the age of 7.
• Childhood - Emotional

  May have low self esteem, for example if bullied at school or abused at home.
• Childhood - Emotional

  Towards the end of childhood girls in particular may experience mood swings associated with puberty.
• Childhood - Social

  Will develop social skills, for example competently using a knife and fork and developing table manners.
• Childhood - Social

  Towards the end of childhood their decisions about clothes and activities may be influenced by peer pressure.
• Childhood - Social

  Towards the end of childhood they may belong to a group e.g. scouts or a sports club, widening their social circle.
• Adolescence - Physical

  They will experience a growth spurt, caused by oestrogen for girls and caused by testosterone for boys.
• Adolescence - Physical

  Both boys and girls will develop the secondary sexual characteristics that give them an adult body shape.
• Adolescence - Physical

  Major female physical changes:

  • Breasts will develop and grow larger
  • Menstruation starts
  • Shape changes, hips widen
• Adolescence - Physical

  Major male physical changes

  • Testicles will produce sperm
  • Shoulders and chest will broaden and his body will have a more muscular shape
• Adolescence - Intellectual

  Gain new knowledge and qualifications when completing formal examinations e.g. gcses and a-levels
• Adolescence - Intellectual

  May start part time work which will allow the development of new employability skills e.g. customer service
• Adolescence - Intellectual

  Start of abstract thinking skills which helps with things like theoretical thinking, such as maths equations, planning for the future etc
• Adolescence - Emotional

  They can experience stress and anxiety, this could be due to exams, relationship problems etc.
• Adolescence - Emotional

  They explore their sexuality at this stage, may get involved in close intimate relationships with their peers.
• Adolescence - Emotional

  They will develop a clear personality at this stage. They may experiment with different identities as they strive to 'belong' or 'fit in'.
• Adolescence - Social

  Strained parental relationships as they are attempting to assert adult independence as they are trying to fit in with peers of same age.
• Adolescence - Social

  May form intimate relationships with their peers.
• Adolescence - Social

  May not follow the right and wrong rule as closely e.g. underage alcohol consumption as they are more likely to be influenced by what their peers are doing.
• Early Adulthood - Physical

  This is the age people tend to be in their reproductive peak.
• Early Adulthood - Physical

  Between the ages of 19-30 growth is completed as they have reached full maturity and are now adults.
• Early Adulthood - Physical

  Towards the end of the life stage more fine wrinkles may appear as the skin may become less supple, as it loses elasticity.
• Early Adulthood - Intellectual

  Opportunities for travel can expand their knowledge of different countries and cultures.
• Early Adulthood - Intellectual

  They may learn new life skills through living independently e.g. managing a budget.