Carcinogenic

    Cards (21)

    • The carcinogenicity of chemicals is determined by their ability to induce tumors or abnormal growths in laboratory animals, particularly rodents.
    • Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer.
    • Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer.
    • There are two types of carcinogens: chemical carcinogens (chemicals) and physical carcinogens (radiation).
    • There are two main types of carcinogens: physical agents (such as radiation) and chemical agents (such as tobacco smoke).
    • Carcinogens can be classified as physical agents (such as radiation) or chemical substances.
    • There are two types of carcinogens: physical agents (such as radiation) and chemical agents (such as tobacco smoke).
    • Chemicals may be classified as carcinogens based on the type of evidence available.
    • Exposure to carcinogens increases the risk of developing cancer.
    • There are two main types of cancer-causing agents: genotoxins that damage DNA directly and non-genotoxic carcinogens that indirectly affect cellular processes leading to the development of cancer.
    • Exposure to certain chemicals has been linked to an increased risk of developing various types of cancer.
    • Some carcinogens have been identified through epidemiological studies, while others have been found through animal experiments.
    • There are three types of evidence used to classify chemicals as carcinogens:
    • Genotoxic carcinogens include ionizing radiation, UV light, viruses, and certain chemicals such as benzene, vinyl chloride, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
    • Some examples of chemical carcinogens include tobacco smoke, asbestos fibers, benzene, vinyl chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and ionizing radiation.
    • Human epidemiological studies involve observing large populations over long periods of time to determine if there is an association between exposure to a chemical and increased risk of developing cancer.
    • Physical agents include ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation, and viruses.
    • Tobacco smoking is the most common preventable cause of lung cancer worldwide.
    • Ionizing radiation includes X-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, protons, and high energy electrons.
    • Chemical carcinogens can be further categorized based on the type of reaction they undergo within cells.
    • Physical carcinogens include ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet light.
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