General Chemistry 1

• Matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space.
• Within matter, is composed of tiny particles that can only be seen by a microscope called atoms.
• Matter can be formed into 3 categories only: Solid, Liquid, Gas.
• Solids are rigid and have fixed shape and volume
• Gases are fluid and take both the shape and volume of its container
• Liquids are fluid and take the shape of their container but maintain constant volume
• The three states of matter are interchangeable with one another through changes in temperature and pressure.
• Gases are also fluid and do not retain their shape or volume
• The physical state of matter depends on temperature and pressure
• Solids have the least kinetic energy but the most potential energy.
• Plasma have the least amount of potential energy but the most amount of kinetic energy.
• Liquids have a lower amount of potential energy than solids, but higher in kinetic energy. (Only true for liquids at a higher temperature.)
• Solids have the least entropy.
• Gas have the highest entropy.
• Bose-Einstein Condensate, a fifth proposed state of matter, is a collection of particles that are all in the same quantum state; and can be described as using a single wave function.
• in 1995, Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman verified the experiment of the Bose-Einstein Condensate.
• Intensive properties are properties that do not change with the amount of matter present in them. Examples include: Volume, Length, and Mass.
• Extensive Properties are properties that depend on how much material there is. Examples include: mass, volume, length, etc.
• Metalloids are a mixture of metals and non-metals.
• Metals are good conductors of heat. Examples of metals are: Copper, Iron, Aluminum, Silver, Gold, and Lead.
• Matter can have 2 properities: Physical & chemical.
• Ductility is the ability of a material to be drawn into a wire or rod without breaking.
• Malleability is the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet of metal.
• Brittleness is the ability to withstand stress without breaking or cracking.
• Luster is the appearance of a mineral's surface when light is reflected from it.
• Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume.
• Crystalline solids are made up of atoms arranged in regular patterns, while amorphous solids do not have this structure.
• Hardness is the resistance of a solid to being scratched by another solid.
• Metals tend to have high melting points due to strong metallic bonds between their atoms.
• Nonmetals generally have lower melting points because they lack these strong interatomic forces.
• Flammability is the ability of a material to burn or be ignited by a flame.
• Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.