ROCK 'N POP

• Studio effects used in music technology include reverb, delay, panning, overdubbing, and multi-track recording techniques.
• Harmonic language in music includes added chords (7ths, 9ths etc.), blue notes, sus4 chords, diminished chords, and pedal notes.
• Melody in music can be stepwise/leap, repetitive, scalic/arpeggio, arch-like, and have a range.
• Dynamics in music can be piano/forte/mezzo piano/mezzo forte, and can link with texture.
• The importance of lyric setting in music can be syllabic or melismatic.
• Structure/form in music can be strophic, 32 bar song form, 12 bar blues, verse/chorus, middle 8/bridge, intro/outro, and instrumental.
• Tonality in music can be major/minor, modal, pentatonic.
• Texture in music can be monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic, and layering.
• Country stylistic features include acoustic, ballad, strophic setting, solo singer with simple accompaniment, guitar (finger picking style), and some country music is influenced by pop style with added instruments (drums/bass etc.).
• Pop stylistic features include repeated choruses, catchy hooks, often verse-chorus structure, vocal clarity, small bands, often 4/4 time, music that can be danced to, simple melodies, limited chords/harmonies, instrumental sections, intros and outros, and use of backing vocals.
• Funk stylistic features include syncopation, improvisation, heavy bass lines (use of slap bass), up tempo, distinctive grooves, hooks and riffs, use of extra instruments (trumpets & saxes, ‘horns’), and extended chords (7ths and 9ths).
• Disco stylistic features include 4/4 time, four to the floor (bass drum), use of sequencers and drum machines, synthesiser bass lines, hand clap, hooks, catchy chorus, strings and other orchestral instruments used alongside synthesised sounds.
• Heavy Metal features a heavy use of a drum kit, electric guitar, distortion, power chords, over amplification, mainly 4/4 time, use of riffs and hooks, verse-chorus structure, simple melodies, limited chords / harmonies, instrumental sections, and an aggressive singing style.
• Progressive Rock recommended listening includes Genesis, Yes, Pink Floyd, Van der Graaf Generator, Jethro Tull.
• Folk-Rock recommended listening includes Bob Dylan, Roger McGuinn, Animals, Crosby, Stills & Nash.
• Voice: falsetto, vibrato, rock style screaming are elements of music.
• Rock recommended listening includes The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Ramones, The Who, Queen, Fleetwood Mac, Bon Jovi.
• Punk-Rock features a fast tempo, loud dynamics, aggressive lyrics containing political or social messages, distorted electric guitars.
• Progressive Rock features the features of pop and rock styles but is much more complicated, with chord sequences and harmonies being more advanced, key changes, time signature changes, virtuosity on instruments, longer songs, songs broken into contrasting sections, unusual choice of instruments.
• Rock music features the use of a drum kit, electric guitar, distortion, power chords, amplification, mainly 4/4 time, use of riffs and hooks, verse-chorus structure, simple melodies, limited chords / harmonies, instrumental sections.
• Soul recommended listening includes Aretha Franklin, Marvin Gaye, The Supremes, Stevie Wonder, Isaac Hayes, Etta James, Percy Sledge.
• TEMPO/METRE/RHYTHM

  Dotted rhythms, syncopation, triplets, scotch snap
• Electric guitar: distortion, feedback, tremolo, wah-wah pedal, power chords are techniques the electric guitar can use.
• Soul music features gospel influenced vocals, a large horn section (trumpets, saxes, trombones), use of backing vocals, rhythm and blues influence, jazz influence, use of question and answer phrases, and many similar characteristics to pop and funk.
• Punk-Rock recommended listening includes The Who, The Kinks.
• Time signatures (changes?) are a part of music.
• Timbre (instruments and effects) synthesisers, keyboards, guitars, acoustic/electric are elements of music.
• Folk-Rock draws heavily on English and American folk music, diatonic harmonies of traditional folk and country music combined with the energy, rhythms and instrumentation of rock music.
• Heavy Metal recommended listening includes AC/DC, Iron Maiden, Motörhead, Deep Purple, Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin.
• Tempo, metre, rhythm (BPM, adagio, andante, allegro) are important elements in music.