21st - element of a short story

• elements of a short story

  setting

  character

  plot

  conflict

  point of view

  theme
• place - geographical location
• time - when is the story taking place?
• weather conditions - is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc.,?
• social conditions - what is the daily life of the character like?
• mood or atmosphere - what feeling is created at the beginning of the story?
• characters - is a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story or a piece of literary work
• main characters - those who are most important in the story
• minor characters - usually static or unchanging
• characters according to principality

  protagonist

  antagonist
• protagonist - is the character with whom the reader emphasizes
• antagonist - is the character that goes against protagonist
• characters according to development

  dynamic

  static
• dynamic - a character that exhibits noticeable development
• static - a character who exhibits no change and development
• characters according to personality

  round

  flat
• round - is a character that displays different/multiple personalities throughout the story
• flat - it is the character that reveals conventional traits; who remains the same throughout the story
• characterization - is the method used by the writer/author to reveal the personality of the character/s
• characters are revealed through their:

  actions of the character

  thoughts of the character

  descriptions of the character

  descriptions of the other characters

  descriptions of the author
• plot - it is the sequence of events in a story or play
• kinds of plot

  linear plot

  circular plot

  en medias res
• linear pot - moves with the natural sequence of events where actions are arranged sequentially
• circular plot - a kind of plot where linear development of the story merges with an interruption in the chronological order to show an event that happened in the past
• en medias res - a kind of plot where the story commences in the middle part of the action
• five stages of a plot

  introduction

  rising action

  climax

  falling action

  denouement
• conflict - is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move
• two major types of conflicts

  external

  internal
• external - a struggle with a force outside one's self
• internal - a struggle with one's self; a person must make some decision, overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge, etc.
• 3 types of external conflict

  man vs man

  man vs society

  man vs nature
• man vs man - a type of conflict where one character in the story has a problem with one or more of the other characters
• man vs society - a type of conflict where a character has a conflict or problem with some element of society-the school, the law, the accepted way of doing things, and so on
• man vs nature - a type of conflict where a character has a problem with some natural happening
• internal type of conflict

  man vs self
• man vs self - is a type of conflict where a character has trouble deciding what to do in a particular situation
• point of view - the angle which the story is told
• types of point of view

  first-person POT

  stream of consciousness

  third-person omniscient
• first-person POT - the story is told by the protagonist or one of the characters who interacts closely with the protagonist or other characters
• stream of consciousness - the story is told so that the reader feels as if they are inside the head of one character and knows all their thoughts and reactions