flowly blood

• Functions of Blood: Transport

  • deliver oxygen everywhere in the body
  • metabolic waste is taken out of cells to be trashed
  • hormones are transported
• Functions of Blood: Regulatory

  • maintains body temperature: absorbs heat and distributes it
  • Maintains pH in tissues( reservoirs for body alkaline)
  • maintains right fluid volume
• Functions of Blood: Protective

  • prevents blood loss
  • prevents infections
• Blood is a type of connective tissue, only fluid tissue in the body
• Plasma: non-living straw-colored sticky fluid(90% water)

  • 55 percent of blood component
  • less dense
  • over a hundred dissolved solutes: nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, inorganic ions, proteins
• Buffy Coat: consists of leukocytes and platelets

  • contains white blood cells
  • <1% of blood
• hematocrit: percent of blood that is red blood cells

  males: 5 over or under 47%

  women: 5 over or under 42%
• Physical characteristics of blood: sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste

  • color can be scarlet red( high O) or dark red(low O)
  • pH: 7.35- 7.45
  • makes up 8% of body weight
  • volume: male: 5-6 ;women: 4-5
• Hemoglobin binds to four O2 and can unbind
• Hemoglobin structure:

  • made of 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains(4 in total) and a heme group
  • heme group gives the red color and it contains an iron atom that binds to O2
• O2 loading the lungs = oxyhemoglobin (ruby red)

  O2 unloading in tissues = deoxyhemoglobin ( dark red)

  O2 loading in tissues= 20% of CO2 in blood binds to hemoglobin making carbaminohemoglobin
• Life of a red blood cell:

  get old and fragile ➡ hemoglobin degenerates ➡ trapped in smaller circulatory channels usually in the spleen ➡ macrophages in the spleen come in and break them down
• The iron in red blood cells binds to ferritin or hemosiderin and is stored to be used again
• The heme in red blood cells is broken down in bilirubin(yellow pigment) ➡ liver then dumps it in the intestine to be turned into urobilinogen ➡ stercobilin ➡ leaves the body in feces
• The globin is metabolized into amino acids
• Blood Doping: remove, store, reinfuse RBCs to increase O2 levels for stamina