Specialized cells

• Cells that have specific shape and function are called specialised cells.
• Red blood cells function is to transport, oxygen around the body cells
• Red blood cells adaptation:

  1. Biconcave shape: to provide large surface area for faster, gas exchange
  2. No cell organelles: to provide more space for hemoglobin to transport more oxygen
  3. Almost same size as capillary: to move slowly for efficient, gas exchange
  4. Flexible to squeeze through tiniest capillary
• Ciliated, epithelial cells keep the lungs clean by

  • Goblet cells secret mucus
  • Mucus is sticky, which traps, dust, and bacteria
  • Celia beats to sweep mucus out of the lungs, back to the throat to be swallowed and killed by acid in the stomach
• Epithelial: is a layer of cells, lining an organ
• Hemoglobin is a protein molecule in a red blood cell to carry oxygen
• Sperm cells have

  • A flagellum to move the sprem
  • Middle part: is full of mitochondria, side of aerobic respiration to release energy for movement
  • Acrosome secrets enzymes to dissolve the the jelly like layer around the egg to help penetrate the egg
• Egg cell

  • cytoplasm with food storage for early development of the embryo
  • Has a jelly coat, mitochondria ,nucleus, and cell membrane
• State the features of the sperm cell

  Flagellum: swimming/to move the sperm

  Middle part: which is full of mitochondria site of

  aerobic respiration to release energy for movement

  Acrosome: secrets enzymes to dissolve the jelly like layer around the egg to help penetrate the egg
• where is the site of reproduction in the sperm

  In the testis
• State the features of an egg cell

  Cytoplasm: with food storage for early development of the embryo

  Has a jelly coat

  Contains mitochondria nucleus and cell membrane
• Where is the site of reproduction in the egg cell

  In the ovary
• What is a cell

  It’s the building unit of living organisms
• What is a tissue

  A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function
• What is an organ?

  A group of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function or a group of functions
• What is the function of palisade mesophyll

  Site of photosynthesis
• Is a leaf an organ or tissue

  it is a organ
• What is the adaptation of palisade mesophyll

  packed with many chloroplasts

  contains chlorophyll for maximum absorption of light energy for photosynthesis
• What is the function of a root hair cell

  Absorption of water and minerals
• What is the adaptation of the root hair cell

  Cytoplasmic extension: to provide large surface area for maximum absorption of water and mineral, thus allowing more water minerals to diffuse at the same time

  thin cell wall: for shorter diffuse distance

  large number of mitochondria: site of aerobic respiration to release energy for active uptake of mineral ions