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Biology
Reproduction
In humans
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The Menstrual Cycle
Biology > Reproduction > In humans
18 cards
Cards (38)
Gametes
Are sex cells produced by
meiosis
Gametes in humans are
The
sperm
and
ovum
Gametes
contains half the number of chromosomes (
23
in human gametes) compared to normal body cells
Gametes have adaptations to improve the chances of successful fertilisation
Sperm cells have a
tail
to
propel
them towards the egg and mitochondria to provide energy for this movement
Egg cells have energy stores within the
cytoplasm
to support early
embryo
development
Fertilisation can be described as
The fusion of a male and female
gamete
to produce A
zygote
The
zygote
then divides by
mitosis
to develop into an
embryo
Cells start to become
specialised
to perform specific functions, forming all the body
tissues
of the offspring
Fertilibation in humans
during sexual intercourse,
semen
is
ejaculated
into the female’s vagina near the
cervix
, and sperm will travel through the cervix into the
uterus
fertilisation occurs in the oviduct if a sperm meets an egg (
1-2
days after the ovulation)
A human zygote contains the full
46
chromosomes - Half of which are from the father and other half from the mother
The male reproductive system contains
Prostate
gland
Sperm
duct
Urethra
Testis
Scrotum
Penis
Prostate gland
Produces
fluid
called semen that provides sperm cells with
nutrients
Sperm duct
Sperm passes through the sperm duct to be
mixed
with
fluids
produces by the
glands
before being passed into the
Urethra
for ejaculation
Urethra
Tube
running down the centre of the penis that can carry
urine
or
semen
. A
ring of muscle
in the Urethra prevents them from
mixing
Testis
Contained in a bag of
skin
(
scrotum
) and produces sperm and
testosterone
testosterone is a
hormone
Scrotum
Sac
supporting the
testes
outside the body to ensure sperm are kept at a temperature slightly
lower
than body temperature
Penis
Passes
urine
out of the body from the
bladder
and allows
semen
to pass into the
vagina
during sexual intercourse
The female reproductive system consists of
Oviducts
Ovaries
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Ovaries
Contains
Ova
(female
gametes)
that mature and develop when
hormones
are released
Uterus
Muscular bag with soft lining where
fertilised
egg (
zygote
) implants to develop into a
foetus
Cervix
A
ring
of
muscle
at the lower end of the
uterus
to keep the developing
foetus
in place during
pregnancy
Vagina
Muscular
tube leading to inside of the woman’s body, where the male’s penis enters and
sperm
are deposited during intercourse
Oviducts
Connects
ovary
to
uterus
Lined with
ciliated cells
to push released
ovum
Where
fertilisation
occurs
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