In humans

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    • Gametes
      Are sex cells produced by meiosis
    • Gametes in humans are
      • The sperm and ovum
    • Gametes contains half the number of chromosomes ( 23 in human gametes) compared to normal body cells
    • Gametes have adaptations to improve the chances of successful fertilisation
      • Sperm cells have a tail to propel them towards the egg and mitochondria to provide energy for this movement
      • Egg cells have energy stores within the cytoplasm to support early embryo development
    • Fertilisation can be described as
      • The fusion of a male and female gamete to produce A zygote
      • The zygote then divides by mitosis to develop into an embryo
      • Cells start to become specialised to perform specific functions, forming all the body tissues of the offspring
    • Fertilibation in humans
      • during sexual intercourse, semen is ejaculated into the female’s vagina near the cervix, and sperm will travel through the cervix into the uterus
      • fertilisation occurs in the oviduct if a sperm meets an egg (1-2 days after the ovulation)
      • A human zygote contains the full 46 chromosomes - Half of which are from the father and other half from the mother
    • The male reproductive system contains
      • Prostate gland
      • Sperm duct
      • Urethra
      • Testis
      • Scrotum
      • Penis
    • Prostate gland
      Produces fluid called semen that provides sperm cells with nutrients
    • Sperm duct
      Sperm passes through the sperm duct to be mixed with fluids produces by the glands before being passed into the Urethra for ejaculation
    • Urethra
      Tube running down the centre of the penis that can carry urine or semen. A ring of muscle in the Urethra prevents them from mixing
    • Testis
      Contained in a bag of skin (scrotum) and produces sperm and testosterone
    • testosterone is a hormone
    • Scrotum
      Sac supporting the testes outside the body to ensure sperm are kept at a temperature slightly lower than body temperature
    • Penis
      Passes urine out of the body from the bladder and allows semen to pass into the vagina during sexual intercourse
    • The female reproductive system consists of
      • Oviducts
      • Ovaries
      • Uterus
      • Cervix
      • Vagina
    • Ovaries
      Contains Ova (female gametes) that mature and develop when hormones are released
    • Uterus
      Muscular bag with soft lining where fertilised egg (zygote) implants to develop into a foetus
    • Cervix
      A ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus to keep the developing foetus in place during pregnancy
    • Vagina
      Muscular tube leading to inside of the woman’s body, where the male’s penis enters and sperm are deposited during intercourse
    • Oviducts
      • Connects ovary to uterus
      • Lined with ciliated cells to push released ovum
      • Where fertilisation occurs
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