GASTRO

• What is a major cause of common gastrointestinal complaints?

  Diet
• What is one of the most common causes of rectal bleeding?

  Haemorrhoids
• How can stress affect gastrointestinal symptoms?

  It can flare or cause symptoms
• Name a gastrointestinal illness that involves inflammation of the stomach lining.

  Gastritis
• What bacteria is commonly associated with gastritis?

  Helicobacter pylori
• What are two common causes of gastritis?

  Excessive alcohol and NSAIDs
• What are common symptoms of gastritis?

  Abdominal pain or discomfort
• What is the management for low blood pressure in gastritis?

  Fluids
• What is gastroenteritis?

  An infection of the stomach and intestines
• What typically causes gastroenteritis?

  Viruses like norovirus or rotavirus
• What are common symptoms of gastroenteritis?

  Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting
• What are peptic ulcers?

  Sores on the stomach or intestinal lining
• What can cause peptic ulcers?

  1. pylori, NSAIDs, excessive alcohol
• What are common symptoms of peptic ulcers?

  Burning stomach pain
• What is GERD?

  Stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus
• What are common symptoms of GERD?

  Heartburn and regurgitation
• What does hepatitis describe?

  Inflammation of the liver
• How is Hepatitis A typically transmitted?

  Fecal-oral route
• What are symptoms of Hepatitis A?

  Flu-like symptoms and jaundice
• How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

  Contact with infected blood or fluids
• What can chronic Hepatitis B lead to?

  Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• How is Hepatitis C primarily transmitted?

  Exposure to infected blood
• What can chronic Hepatitis C lead to?

  Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• What is Hepatitis D?

  A defective virus needing Hepatitis B to replicate
• How is Hepatitis E typically transmitted?

  Fecal-oral route via contaminated water
• What is Fatty Liver Disease?

  Accumulation of fat in liver cells
• What are the two types of Fatty Liver Disease?

  NAFLD and AFLD
• What is Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) associated with?

  Obesity and insulin resistance
• What is Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) caused by?

  Excessive alcohol consumption
• What is liver fibrosis?

  Excessive scar tissue in the liver
• What is cirrhosis of the liver?

  Late-stage scarring of liver tissue
• What are gallstones?

  Hardened deposits in the gallbladder
• What are the two types of gallstones?

  Cholesterol stones and pigment stones
• What is pancreatitis?

  Inflammation of the pancreas
• What is appendicitis?

  Inflammation of the appendix
• What is bowel obstruction?

  A blockage in the intestines
• What are the two types of bowel obstruction?

  Partial and complete
• What is NOT the management for bowel obstruction?

  Entonox
• What are common gastrointestinal illnesses?

  • Gastroenteritis
  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
  • Celiac Disease
  • Hepatitis
  • Diverticulitis
  • Appendicitis
  • Bowel intussusception
• What are the symptoms of gastritis?

  • Abdominal pain or discomfort
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Bloating
  • Loss of appetite